A Solution For South African Energy Crisis Environmental Sciences Essay

This study investigates assorted sustainable energy beginnings in order to set up which beginning would be most dependable to run into the electricity demand of South Africa. Hydro-energy, air current energy, ocean current energy and solar energy were studied. Although an substructure already exist, for air current energy the study concludes that solar energy would be the most dependable renewable energy beginning. Modern societies across the Earth are dependent on the handiness of dependable electricity supply for the care of human and economical activities. Worldwide people are hence progressively concerned about the handiness and the sustainability of energy beginnings for the coevals of electricity. Presently in South Africa the topic â€Å" sustainable energy † is besides high on the docket. This study will look into the place of electricity supply in South Africa and the possible solution that sustainable energy beginnings might keep for South Africa. This study will foremost give a historical overview of the origin and the development of the electricity supply industry in South Africa. Then it will look briefly at the complex inquiries that electricity providers have to face. Finally the assorted types of sustanable energy applicable to South Africa, viz. hydroenergy, air current energy, ocean current energy and solar energy will be discussed.2 Historic overviewThe history of the origin and development of the Southern African electricity supply industry is a absorbing topic. The proficient challenges, the interaction with Industry every bit good as political leaders is non new, but has been portion of electricity from the exchanging on of the first street visible radiations on the African continent in Kimberley on 1 September 1882, three yearss before the launching of the first commercial power station in New York. The history of sustainable energy in South Africa is in fact longer than most people would conceive of. Already in 1895 there were attempts to tap the hydro-energy potency of the Victoria Waterfalls. In 1895, forty old ages after Livingstone had discovered the Victoria Falls, Professor George Forbes arrived in Southern Africa. He was the interior decorator of the Niagara Falls Hydroelectric Power Station, which was at that clip the largest power strategy in the universe. With the Victoria Falls, non merely every bit broad as Niagara, but with dual the tallness, he could non neglect to be impressed by its possible as a hydroelectric strategy to provide the Witwatersrand with an abundant and inexpensive supply of electricity. Although the chief obstruction came in the signifier of the 1 000 kilometer distance over which the power had to be transmitted, a subordinate called the African Concession Syndicate was created in 1901. This mob was granted the exclusive right to tackle the Zambezi River for present and future hydroelectric power strategies. In malice of these readyings, the usage of H2O in the coevals of electricity would merely come much later ( Conradie & A ; Messerschmidt, 2000 ) .3 The complexnesss of electricity systemsDuring the argument in the media around the current crisis a few affairs became clear. First, it is non widely understood that electricity can non be stored and in the instance of renewable energy beginnings, that becomes a major challenge. The 2nd complexness that was ( and still is ) non widely understood, is the complex workings of the electricity supply. The coevals of electricity from power Stationss which are largely situated in the northern inside of the sub-continent and conveyed to the client by manner of 28 000 kilometer of high electromotive force and 250 000 kilometer of lower electromotive force lines, is besides hard to understand. The reconciliation of changing supply and demand requires the changeless attending of the National Control Centre and if the demand outstrips the supply, it is possible to see entire electromotive force prostration, similar to the state of affairs in the north eastern American continent on 14 August 2003 when the consecutive tripping of power lines by trees under power lines in three different countries lead to a electromotive force prostration of the transmittal system. This plunged big metropoliss like New York and Washington in partial darkness and metropoliss like Toronto in entire darkness. The full Restoration of the power system took about a hebdomad to finish. The term â€Å" burden casting † ( besides non understood by most ) is used to denote the sloughing of burden or electricity demand in order to forestall the 50 Hz frequence from dropping excessively low, ensuing in under-frequency tripping of power Stationss and entire electromotive force prostration.4 Sustainable energyFor many old ages South Africa has been, and still is, bring forthing some of the cheapest electricity in the universe. This was mostly due to the handiness of really inexpensive low class coal. With the lifting demand in the remainder of the universe for that coal, South Africans will decidedly experience the pinch. Because of this state of affairs the natural response is to look at pull offing the demand for electricity every bit good as investigate renewable energy beginnings. As can be seen in Figure 1, a figure of sustainable energy beginnings have been identified in the universe. These beginnings can be classified harmonizing to the type of energy they produce. The challenge for South Africa is to use those beginnings most fitting for the fortunes here. Figure 1: Sustainable energy beginnings identified worldwide ( Beginning: Renewable energy. The possible and the restrictions. 2008. [ Online ] . Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fraw.org.uk. [ 2009, December 15 ] . ) Two chief issues need to be considered when looking at the viability of alternate energy beginnings. The first is of class the proficient feasibleness of the undertaking. The 2nd is the cost at which electricity can be produced by the alternate beginning.5 HydroenergyOne of the most obvious renewable beginnings is hydroenergy. In many states, particularly in the Northern hemisphere, many electrical public-service corporations produce power in this manner. In the instance of South Africa, the state does non hold big rivers that can be used to bring forth electricity with.6 Current usage of hydroenergy in South AfricaAt this phase Eskom operates a figure of pump storage strategies that pump H2O into keeping dikes during off-peak periods and usage that to bring forth power during extremum periods. As such this is non a renewable beginning as it uses electricity from dodo fuelled power Stationss for pumping H2O.7 The Congo river as the energy provider for Southern AfricaOne instead ambit ious undertaking that Eskom is presently involved in is to use the hydroenergy from the Congo River. Harmonizing to its inaugural one-year study, the Western Power Corridor ( PTY ) Ltd ( Westcor ) ( 2008 ) proposes to tap the rich, big graduated table renewable hydroresources of the Western, Central and Eastern Corridor of Southern Africa finally. When to the full tapped, the magnitudes will transcend 100GW. This joint venture between the take parting national state-owned electricity companies of Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Namibia and South Africa was signed on 7 September 2005 in Gabarone, Botswana. Harmonizing to Mr E Nelumba, Chairman of the Shareholders Steering Committee, Westcor was formed to develop the Western Power Corridor which includes the development of the 3 500 MW tally of river hydroelectric power works at Inga 3 in the Democratic Republic of Congo ( DRC ) . It will besides build power transmittal systems to incorporate with the national grids of the participating every bit good as the remainder of southern Africa. The concluding aspiration is to bring forth 10 000 MW at Inga 3. The Congo River has an estimated 100 000 MW capacity with 40 000 M3s per second and all possible sites are under examination to finally make the end of 50 000 MW of Grand Inga. This is larger than the sum installed capacity of the full Eskom system. Angola has besides indicated that their exploitable hydroelectric potency is about 18 000 MW of which merely 810 MW is presently used. One of the great challenges of this undertaking remains the transmittal of the power to the chief clients in the South. In order to reassign the power faithfully and economically it would be necessary to run the 4 000 kilometer power lines at electromotive force between 600 kilovolts and 1000 kilovolt. The engineering to be able to make this is still in its babyhood and is the topic of current research. To add to the quandary the environment that the proposed lines will track includes countries with some of the highest happening of veld fires and these have the ability to do breaks to the flow of power.8 Wind energyThe usage of air current as an energy beginning is likely one of the best known signifiers of renewable energy and successful commercial operations have been around for a long piece. Harmonizing to the IngenierbAA?ro fAA?r neue Energien air current coevals in Germany sums to 39 500 GWh ( Power in Europe, 2008 ) . This accounts for more than half of the renewable energy in that state. The universe ‘s entire installed capacity of air current generators was 94 GW at the terminal of 2007 ( Smit et Al, 2008 ) .9 Wind turbines in usage presentlyEskom commissioned three wind turbines between August 2002 and February 2003 at its Klipheuwel site North of Cape Town. Two Danish turbines and one French turbine, with a combined capacity of 3.16 MW, were installed to enable Eskom to compare the different design and operational features. To day of the month the installation has generated more than 15 GWh, which was fed into the grid at the Klipheuwel 11 kV/66kV substation ( Smit et Al, 2008 ) . The single power, responsibility rhythm and cost features of each of the turbines are being collected in a engineering matrix that will finally incorporate a suite of Renewable Energy engineering options, with air current being the first. The tower dynamic features and quiver status supervising baseline measurings every bit good as the interaction between the grid and the generators have already been done. The production analysis will be used in the future selling of green energy ( Smit et Al, 2008 ) .10 Variability in available energyAs with other signifiers of renewable energy, the variableness in the available energy is an issue that concerns the developers of these systems. Wind is no exclusion and in this instance an accurate finding of air current climatologies is required, based on several old ages of air current informations. A well-known survey carried out by Geernaert et Al ( 1988 ) used information of a 109 old ages ( between 1873 and 1982 ) and showed that fluctuations of up to 30 % from the average value can be expected from one decennary to the following. This information is important if it is considered that the installation may hold a lifetime of 20 old ages and longer. The available air current energy is of class besides influenced by topographical factors every bit good as variableness in air current speed due to height fluctuations. This makes the pick of the appropriate site a really of import issue.11 The hereafter of air current energyWith the valuable research done at Klipheuwel the hereafter for air current coevals seems bright. Eskom announced the building of a 100 MW installation on the West Coast close to Koekenaap in 2007. The EIA and commercial activities are good underway and building is planned to get down tardily in 2008. The installation will dwell of approximately 50 units runing between 1.5 to 2.5 MW and will be integrated into the 132 kilovolt system at Eskom ‘s Juno or Koekenaap substations. Based on the variableness d iscussed above and an energy use factor of 26 % , the installation is expected to bring forth 2 28G Wh per annum ( Smit et Al, 2008 ) . Based on old experience the building of the installation will take about one twelvemonth to finish.12 Ocean current energyThe energy fluxes of the oceans have attracted the attending of applied scientists for a long clip and include the assorted signifiers.13 Continual moving ridge gestureThe continual moving ridge gesture that can power coevals devices. One illustration is the US $ 29.5m experimental installation of Scots Power at the Orkney Islands ( Power in Europe, 2008 ) . The Pelamis system consists of four elephantine metal â€Å" sausages † , each 450 m long, bobbing on the moving ridges and each bring forthing 750 KW by turning the gesture into electricity via the pumping of hydraulic fluid through the articulations. By some estimations Scotland should be able to bring forth every bit much as 1 300 MW by 2020.14 Tidal energyThe gravi tative forces of the Sun and Moon consequence in the surface of the sea changing by about 2 m. This consequence can be amplified by up to 11 m due to the effects of bays and channels. It is this energy that is used by systems such as the tidal energy works at La Range in France with a capacity of 240 MW.15 Salinity differencesAlthough the salt differences between the ocean H2O and fresh overflow represent differences in chemical potency which may be harnessed through a suited membrane, this has merely been demonstrated on a little graduated table.16 Thermal differencesThe thermic differences between surface and deep H2O can be every bit much as 15 grades and a heat engine can be used to bring forth power. This construct, referred to as Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion ( OTEC ) has, nevertheless, a thermodynamic efficiency of merely 8 % and Eskom is presently measuring the usage of cold deep H2O as a coolant for coastal power Stationss, where its efficiency will be higher.17 Fast flux ing ocean currentsThe fast flowing western boundary ocean currents can hold speeds of up to 2.5 m/s which could supply a beginning of comparatively high power denseness for power coevals although there are no commercial undertakings presently under development. Eskom is actively involved in research on this topic.18 Energy denseness of H2OBecause the energy denseness of a medium is straight relative to its denseness and is a map of the speed cubed, the energy denseness for H2O is far higher compared to weave at comparable speeds. The denseness of H2O is about two orders of magnitude higher than that of air. This means that an ocean current is far more fecund as a resource compared to onshore air current. Due to the rough environment demands on an ocean current generator, it is assumed that for a commercially feasible undertaking, the energy denseness should be dual of that required of air current. This implies that currents with speeds of at least 1,5 m/s need to be found.19 Solar e nergySouthern Africa has over many old ages used the copiousness of sunlight to market the state as â€Å" Sunny South Africa † . It is hence non surprising that this signifier of energy is regarded by some as the chief beginning that can significantly act upon Eskom ‘s supply side.20 Solar panelsThe work about solar panels both photovoltaic and solar H2O warmers are good known and late Prof Vivian Alberts of the University of Johannesburg announced a discovery in the production of a new photovoltaic panel that will be up to 50 % cheaper than anything else on the market ( Venter, 2007 ) .21 Concentrated Solar Power ( CSP )Another exciting and advanced usage of solar power is presently being investigated by Eskom. The engineering referred to as concentrated Solar Power ( CSP ) uses sun energy to heat a mixture of 60 % Sodium Nitrate ( NaNo3 ) and 40 % Potassium Nitrate ( KNO3 ) to a temperature of 565A °C. CSP is besides regarded as the lone large-scale renewable engin eering with proved energy storage. The heat energy can be stored for up to 14 hours and is used to bring forth steam for the 100 MW reheat steam turbine at a unrecorded steam force per unit area of 125 saloon. This means that the works will be able to bring forth power for a full 24 hours during the summer solstice. An mean expected burden factor of 70 % is expected.22 DecisionAs the demand for electricity rises, a more sustainable energy beginning to replace the dodo fuel energy beginning was investigated. In South Africa research has been done in both the engineering and tackling electricity from renewable energy beginnings. The study showed that hydro energy, weave energy, ocean current energy and solar energy were investigated. Due to the changeless sunlight in South Africa, it appeared like solar energy would be the most dependable energy beginning.

Intersectionality

Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality Fall 2010 WGST 304/SOCY 304/ POLI 305/AFRO 398R Section 001 Meeting Times: TTH 9:30-10:45AM Location:Currell College 203 Instructor: Dr. Sharon Lee White Phone: 777-4007(Please leave message) E-Mail: [email  protected] sc. edu Office Hours: By appointment only Course Description: This multidisciplinary course is designed to explore historical and contemporary aspects of race, social class, gender, and sexuality.Focusing on the intersection of race, class, gender and sexual orientation, this course will examine how the confluence of these identities shape the lives of individuals, institutions, and society as a whole. We will also explore the various dimensions of privilege, stratification, and oppression and resistance as well as racism, sexism, classism, heterosexism and the overall systemic nature of these and other â€Å"isms. † Course Objectives/Learning Outcomes: 1. Students should be able to demonstrate an understanding of the interse ction of race, social class, gender, and sexual orientation. . Students should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how the confluence of the above identities yield complex consequences for individuals, institutions, and society as a whole. 3. Students should be able to discuss the theories about the origins of these intersections and the structures and forces that maintain them and perpetuate their existence. 4. Students will demonstrate understanding of diversity by gender, race, social class, and sexuality. Required Texts: 1. David M.Newman, Identities & Inequalities: Exploring the Intersection of Race, Class Gender, and Sexuality, (McGraw Hill, 2007). Available at the Russell House Bookstore 2. Articles Provided by the Instructor (Posted on Blackboard) 3. Films will be shown throughout the semester to compliment the readings and/or illustrate the themes discussed in lectures and readings. Course Requirements and Grading Scale: |Assignments |Total Points | |Four (4) Exams.E ach Exam will count 100 points |400 | |1 Reflection/Reaction Paper* |100 | |Final Writing Assignment* |100 | |Final Exam |100 | |TOTAL |700 | *See attachment to Syllabus Your Final Grade will be Determined as Follows: Total Points |Numerical Grade |Letter Grade | |662-700 |95-100 |A | |627-661 |90-94 |B+ | |592-626 |85-89 |B | |557-591 |80-84 |C+ | |522-556 |75-79 |C | |487-421 |70-74 |D+ | |452-486 |65-69 |D | |451 and below |64 and below |F | Attendance and other Responsibilities: This is a collaborative class with emphasis on discussion. Participation and attendance are essential if we are to be productive. With this in mind, please be reminded that University policy allows me to drop your course grade by one letter or more if you miss more than 10% (3 for TTH) of our scheduled class meetings and fail you for missing more that 25% (7 for TTH).There is no difference between an â€Å"excused† and â€Å"unexcused† absence, except in extenuating circumstances. For a mor e complete explanation, please refer to The College of Arts and Sciences Undergraduate Student Bulletin. †¢ I will send all written communications to students through Blackboard. Please make sure that you check it regularly. †¢ It is your responsibility to keep up with readings and assignments if you are absent. Please do not ask me for discussion notes that you missed because of absence or tardiness. You may, however, ask me to clarify anything that you did not understand from any of the lectures. I strongly suggest that you get to know and exchange contact information with your classmates. All assignments are due at the beginning of the class on the due date. I will not accept late assignments. †¢ No make-up exams will be given. They will be posted to Blackboard for at least three (3) days. †¢ Please be advised that cell phones, I-pods, Mp3 Players, and other electronic devices should be turned off during class. You may use a computer to take notes, however, if you are observed surfing the net, checking e-mail, etc. , you will be asked to leave and be marked absent for the day. Likewise, if you are caught text-messaging, or reading materials not related to this class (newspapers, magazines, etc. ) you will be asked to leave and be marked absent. Students with disabilities and/or special needs should notify me immediately for assistance with any necessary arrangements and/or accommodations †¢ All students are expected to follow the Carolina Creed. Plagiarism will not be tolerated. If you are caught cheating or plagiarizing, you will receive an F for the course. Please read your Carolina Community Bulletin for the definition and more information on plagiarism. A Special Note: Some materials that we cover in this class may challenge your personal belief and may be quite different from what you or I believe. Due to the sensitive nature of some of the topics, it is important that we try to remain objective.Most importantly, it is my inten t to make this class a â€Å"safe space† for respectful self-expression and sometimes you or your classmates may share personal information pertaining to our discussion. I ask that we keep such disclosures confidential. Course Schedule for WGST 304/SOCY 304/ POLI 305/AFRO 398R Fall 2010 *Please be advised that I reserve the right to alter the syllabus at anytime during the semester. If I find it necessary to do so, I will make an effort to give you reasonable notice of the changes. Please come to class prepared to discuss readings on the assigned date/day

Rail construction project failure Research Paper

Rail construction project failure - Research Paper Example The rail transport in this country is underdeveloped with rail transportation accounting for less that 1% of the land transportation (Oluwakiyesi 2011). It has been found out that non-utilization of competent consultants and contractors, inconsistencies in government policies, defective cash flow, and inadequate monitoring are the major cause of failure of projects in this country (Ololusi & Otunola 2012). However, the government and other stakeholders have been very slow to react and thus the problem continues to be evident. Morocco on the other hand is an African country that has been able to construct its railway system with all odds. It has recently pursued an upgrading of its rail network to meet the expectations of the customers and aspirations of economic operators (ADB 2011). This indicate that unlike other countries whose rail network rate back in the colonial period, most of the rail networks in Morocco are current. The reason for this is the several successful railway cons truction projects done in this country. The development of the railways in this country is associated with its collaboration with other Arab countries. This collaboration has been assisting Morocco to pull together massive capital investments at the beginning of the railway construction projects thus making them successful. According to Mawared (2012), the forming of community with other countries has aided economic growth in this country thus enhancing success of railway construction projects. b) Statement of the problems Railway construction experiences various problems. According to Lucas (2004), the board and management of railway construction programs find it difficult to keep the programs going at full speed. This causes the railway network in most of the country to stagnate or under-develop. This is one of the problems that will be addressed by this the research we propose. No research has been done to address this problem and that is why this research will be of importance. The other problem is about the funding of railway construction projects. The funding of these projects has been found to be beyond the capability of the government and stakeholders involved (Foch 2012). Very few researches have attempted to solve this problem and they have not been able to provide an appropriate solution to the problem. Therefore, there is a need to design a mean that could be used to fund such projects. Moreover, these projects are not only influenced by financial factors but also by social and environmental factors (COWI 2012). This problem has been avoided for years and that is why we have decided to undertake this research to address it. There is a need to establish some of those factors that might be causing the projects to fail so that to avoid their failures in the future. This will be a third problem that will be addressed by the proposed research. c) Research hypotheses The large sizes of railway construction projects make the projects complicated thus cont ributing to their failures. The large cost involved in the railway construction projects is the major cause of their failures. Other factors like socio-economic and environmental factors also play a great role in causing failure of railway construction projects. Lack of collaboration between the people involved in the r

Occupational Health and Safety College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Occupational Health and Safety College - Essay Example The paper highlights possible legal ‘loopholes’ which culpable ‘officers’ may exploit to evade personal prosecution, and it concludes by making some recommendations on what additional reforms may be introduced to augment the effectiveness of the bill. For purposes of this discussion, the five main objectives of the Model Bill can be further condensed into only three key outcomes. Firstly, the bill seeks to establish a harmonised and nationwide framework for defining O H & S criteria in Australia, and to continually strengthen this framework through regular education and training. Secondly, the bill seeks to identify all stakeholders involved in the implementation of O H & S regulations, and to specify the duties and obligations of these stakeholders. Finally, the bill seeks to clarify the enforcement measures provided by the bill and to specify the penalties imposed on organisations or individuals who shirk their O H & S responsibilities. The Model Bill distinguishes between two broad categories of ‘officers’. One category comprises of public officers working for regulatory bodies such as government departments or local authorities. As stated in the bill: â€Å"A person who makes, or participates in making, decisions that affect the whole, or a substantial part, of the business or undertaking of a Government department, public authority or local authority is taken to be an officer of the Crown†¦Ã¢â‚¬  " (S. 244). As further stated in the appendix of the bill, "A jurisdiction will need to include local provisions to ensure that appropriate arrangements are made for the appointment as an inspector or a person who is an inspector under a

Privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Privacy - Essay Example As apparent, effective data management, entails adherence to ethical, social and legal standards that guide individuals or institutions when transmitting information. The standards are significant especially in the current environment where various institutions are facing immense challenges in data management. The standards present requisite incentives that ensure information within institutions is used effectively. Data privacy is of fundamental concern within several institutions, for example, banks, hospitals, and learning centres. Privacy emphasises the need for appropriate and safety management of client’s data to boost their confidence. This paper discusses privacy because it is a fundamental aspect that ensures quality administration of data within institutions. Ethical, social and legal issues relevant to Information Systems As noted Information technology (IT), systems are software or hardware used by individuals and institutions to execute activities. The systems fac ilitate effective and efficient delivery of services in various facets of operations, and are recognisable as key pillars that influence data privacy. They aid information capturing, encoding, processing, storage and dissemination. The administration of such activities or information should be reliant on excellent privacy standards (Moon2010, p.1). The standards should assume social, legal and ethical dimensions. Furthermore, they should focus on an institution’s capacity to enhance sustainability. Ethics defines moral processes in institutions. It sets clear standards and moral values that stakeholders should obey in various jurisdictions. Ethical standards ensure delivery of quality services and optimal utilisation of resources, as well as enhancement of privacy in information administration. Institutions should formulate viable ethical principles, for example, the golden rule, utilitarian and risk aversion principles (Quigley 2004, p.2). This creates a favourable environme nt where every stakeholder is treated with diligence and respect. This is significant since institutions that operate with inferior ethical guidelines cannot maintain their clients in the current dynamic world that experiences immense competition. Code of ethics requires employees within institutions or individuals to use client information with confidence. They should also enhance privacy, security in data management and treat clients with respect. Exhibition of high level of cautiousness, prudence, timely delivery of services and accountability also form key ethical guidelines. The standards are integral in facilitating performance since they encourage accountability, responsibility and adherence to due processes while executing activities. Each profession has set ethical guidelines that guide execution of activities (Moon 2010, p.1). The professions, for example, nursing and accounting focuses on data privacy based on the information that individuals in such professions possess. Information conveyed through IT system significantly affect social processes. Poor management of information may lead to increased social incoherence, animosity and damage mutual understanding. This stalls performance and delivery of quality services to clients. Institutions should adopt the recommended information management practices to advance social integration. They should also adopt best practices to facilitate effective mitigation of social issues (Wilson, 2004, p. 119).

Competitor Analysis of Apple Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Competitor Analysis of Apple Inc - Case Study Example In future trend of communication and networking is primarily focused towards wireless products from the market. Apple is already positioned very strongly in this region as the company already provides many products for the market which will help a lot for the company to grow in this sector of market. The AirPort wireless networking technology from Apple allows high speed connection within a specified region. The increase in demand of wireless high speed internet connections will boost the top line growth of Apple Inc.New digital hub platformApple’s new digital hub platform with the combination of iTunes is transforming the MAC platform for the customers to provide video contents directly into the television and portable devices of the customers. This new hub has great potential for Apple business in digital contents for its rapid growth in recent future.Market for MP3 playerThe increasing popularity for MP3 player from Apple Inc is rising high at a very fast pace. The market s hare for the company has increased from 71 % in 2005 to 78 % in the year 2006 and has great potential to in countries outside US. With more retail presence in both domestic and international market the company is expected to increase its product line of digital contents. This segment can act as key growth driver for the firm in short term. The current strategy of the company is to target the market with its own Operating system. Apple recognized that the competitors of the company primarily rely on the operating system of any third party. Like Dell computers use Windows XP for their products. Apple on the other hand have managed to incorporate its own hardware and software for the all its product line with the flexibility to use whatever the user wants similar to the other operating system. The company also segments the market based on geographical segmentation. It includes America, Japan, and Europe which acts as the core regions for the business process. The company also has retai l stores in the particular regions for operating and overseeing the activities at different parts of the world. The integrated system of the Apple Inc helps to drive its entire business model at the same time. It provides the complete solution for the customers. Customer buying iPod will have to download music through iTunes. For most of the average users the computer provided are from Apple Mac. This creates a great control of the market with the complete solutions offered by the company to the market. The diversified product line from the company also gives a chance for the consumers to get introduced to the brand. Many people are not much

Let me Introduce You to Christianity Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Let me Introduce You to Christianity - Term Paper Example Christian religious studies have used a number of strategies to encourage Christianity to both ‘christians’ and ‘non-christian’ (Harris, 4). There are benefits associated with Christian theology. The advantages are facilitation in the Christian church as roles are shared out among the church followers. Secondly, Christian spirituality aid in the dissemination of Christian ideologies within the church. This is realistic since there is togetherness among the followers. Lastly, it helps in addressing the emerging issues in Christianity as it prepares followers of the Christian doctrine with the knowledge of solving daily problems. Methodical theology is a sub-branch of the Christian theology that ensures that all Christian accounts and beliefs are systematically arranged. It examines the alterations that have happened to the development of Christianity in years and effects it has had over the people (Koehler, 169). There are a number of aspects in Christian the ologies that are associated to its beliefs and basics. These aspects are strongly rooted in the Christian religion, and for centuries, they have remained unchanged. Biblical insight is a set of guidelines that are concerned with the study and analysis of the bible. It analyses the teachings of the bible and what the scriptures expects from an individual. Secondly, God is a Supreme Being associated with certain attributes that are easily identifiable. Some of these qualities are sharable by a human being, and some are blissful in nature. The sharable attributes are the ‘Communicable’ traits, and those, which are divine, are referred to as the ‘incommunicable’ traits. The holly trinity in Christian spirituality is used to describe the togetherness of God. Trinity in Christian spirituality involves ‘God the father’, ‘God the son’ and ‘God the Holy Spirit’. The holy doctrines state that God the father is divine in nature, and God the son is divine and human in godly and human nature (Harris, 42). God is described as the ‘father’ in Christian theology. He is branded the name ‘father’ because of his constant concern of the human life. The term is related to the connection that exists amid a father and a kid. The affiliation amid human being and God is considered as an close one, compared to the relationship amid a father and son. A father is always concerned about a child’s welfare just like God is concerned with the welfare of man. Christology examines the personality of Jesus. It looks at the nature, characters and works of Jesus and emphasizes on the divinity of Jesus as an offspring of human and God (Harris, 75). Christ is a term from the Greek books meaning the selected one. The term means the Messiah when interpreted into Hebrew. According to Christian theology the term ‘Christ’ is a designation, and not as a name, though individuals mistake it to mea n an individual’s name. The title is evenly used to refer to individuals who believed in Jesus. The followers have been awarded the name Christian, since they are believers that indeed Jesus is the Messiah. The ‘Person of Christ’ is highly upheld due to his relation with God and is characterized by certain attributes that are celestial in nature. The person of ‘Christ Jesus’ comes from King David’s lineage. He is selfless in nature, and this is evident by the works he did on the planet. He believed in

Needs to be a current argument of something in the health field some Research Paper

Needs to be a current argument of something in the health field some type of controversy - Research Paper Example They ‘without causing’ any harm to the child will help the child body produce antibodies, which will stay in the body for a longer time, fighting off viruses and bacteria in future as well. However, this vaccination process is not without controversy because there is a view among particular sections of population that it could lead to Autism. Autism is a developmental disorder of brain function. Symptoms of Autism usually occur before the age of 3 and include; impaired social interaction, problems with verbal and nonverbal communication and imagination, and unusual or severely limited activities or interests. People with Autism can exhibit a wide variety of symptoms and behaviors, thus Autism is considered a spectrum disorder. The exact cause of Autism was not yet cornered. However, researches believe it can be caused by specific genes. Other researchers link Autism with vaccinations. Still others believe toxins and pollutants could cause it. Among these reasons for Autism, the reason that vaccination could cause Autism has been subject of controversy for some time, with one section opposing it while another section believing it. The crux of the controversy is that vaccines given to children as part of immunization for various diseases could act adversely and could damage the brain regions leading to Autism. This controversial news entered the public domain in 1998, when British gastroenterologist Andrew Wakefield and his team published an article in The Lancet focusing on the detrimental role of MMR vaccines in causing Autism. (Godlee, Smith and Marcovitch 77). Wakefield and his team examined the digestive tracts of 12 children with behavioral disorders, nine of them being Autistic, who were given MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine. On examination, they found that the 9 Autistic children had inflammation of the intestines. Based on this

Value Alignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Value Alignment - Essay Example For example, plagiarism is a short cult most of the students undertake in order to get good grades in their examinations. However these people will fail miserably in their real life when they face real life problems. Real life problems cannot be solved with the help of short cuts. It doesn’t mean that hard work alone may bring better results in life. According to modern life philosophies only those who work smarter may taste the success compared to those who work harder. For example, an accountant who is manually preparing the balance sheets may not be as good as an accountant who is computer software to prepare the balance sheets. In other words, the accountant who was smart enough to use the computers for solving a particular problem may do it faster than an accountant who is solving the same problem manually. Responsibility is the third element of success in life. Only responsible persons will take things seriously. Responsibility always attaches a person emotionally to a p articular thing. For example, a responsible father will always give more focus to the wellbeing of his family and the children. The success of his children will be taken as his own success and the failures of his children will be taken as his own failures. Responsibility will always motivate a person to work hard again and again till the success is attained.

IT Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

IT Industry - Essay Example In business context, Information Technology Association of America (ITAA) has referred to IT as that industry that deals with the software application and their use in enabling the consumers’ needs be satisfied in what would be otherwise tedious through management of information systems (Crookes, 2012). This informs that IT is a very essential option for businesses today where technology has taken over in almost every operation. IT industry is thus involved in a number of activities which includes, software development and installation, network administration, planning and management of the life cycle of organization’s technology as well as maintaining, upgrading, and replacing the IT system of the organization where applicable. Transformation in the IT sector mobile computing, the cloud, and consumerism Because of the increasing demand on the service of IT, IT experts have responded by researching and coming up with those options that will satisfy the interest of those in need of the IT services. It is surprising that at times the pace at which IT is changing is faster the even the IT managers of business organizations have been left with no option but to discard their current options to embrace the new technology even if they have not fully exploited their previous option. In this reference, IT gurus have been advised to make consideration to standardized systems that will be embraced by all finally (Renkema, 2000). In this agitation, the IT experts have been advised to look into four cardinal areas when building a system standardization, simplification, integration, and modularity. Some of the changes that have been realized in IT includes, mobile computing, the cloud, and consumerism. Mobile computing Mobile computing has made it possible to use the small portable computing devises to connect to network systems, in some case, the wireless option enables these devices to access network and do all what they want be done through the internet, thi s is the consumerism trend that has been established of late (Kamal, 2007). The devices used in this case includes, laptops, notebook, palmtop, and tablet PCs Cloud computing Cloud computing involves the use of computing resources such as the hardware and the software in the delivery of services through a network system. Software as a Service and Software Oriented Architecture are option that are considered by cloud computing, they have become alternative option for the Enterprise Resource Planning which are all systems that are used by firms. Because of the complex system in the ERP, SaaS and SOA from cloud computing have brought a simpler system that is easier to maintain, cheaper and do not require much training to operate (Crookes, 2012). Cloud computing unlike the ERP can be customized as per the customers need without extra licensing fee and maintenance cost. This is because all applications in are supported by a single server operated by the designer. Cloud computing has then made it possible for SME (Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises) to adopt such IT systems because they are cheaper to operate and maintain (Crookes, 2012). Consumerism Is a transformation in IT industry that allows employees to use their personal devises to connecting with the corporate networks, in this sense, the employees use their smart phones and tablets to connect with the corporate system. This is contrary to the traditional system where the company

Buyer Power of Coffee Industry Essay Example for Free

Buyer Power of Coffee Industry Essay Buyer bargaining power refers to the pressure consumers can place on the industry, influencing companies to provide better products, service, and lower prices. One determinant of bargaining power is the number of buyer available. For the US coffee and snack industry, the large number of buyers is a big advantage. According to National Coffee Association, 54% of American adults drink coffee. Another key driver that gives buyers leverage is if they can do without the product for long durations. If so, the seller incurs losses when customers discontinue use of the product over long periods. However, coffee drinkers are high frequency buyers, purchasing the drink multiple times throughout the week, if not more often. To these people, coffee has become an integral part of their everyday lives. Because they cannot do without coffee, coffee shops can depend on repeat customers. Switching costs are another element to consider when gauging buyer bargaining. If switching costs are high, buyers are least likely to change over to a competing product. Unfortunately for the US coffee and snack industries, there are absolutely zero costs associated with changing to a different product. Similarly, no cost is incurring when switching to another company. Thus, this makes coffee shops have to constantly improve their product lines, drive down costs, improve service, and other aspects to keep customers choosing their shops over someone else’s. The buyer’s per capita consumption also players a role in determining attractiveness of an industry. During recessions, disposable income generally becomes lower and spending of consumption is cut. When consumer spending is lower, people are less likely to spend on snacks and coffee. Overall, due to the high number of users and the high volume of purchases, from the buyer perspective the coffee and snack industry can be considered attractive.

My personal experience Essay Example for Free

My personal experience Essay This story is from my personal experience where I was involved directly with the central character in this story. This story is about a little girl who had lot of aspirations in life and wanted to make a mark in this world. Though the name doesn’t matter but for the matter of convenience, let us call her Mary. Mary’s only fault, if it was, was getting born to parents who could only afford her education by skipping one meal in a day. Mary was above average and hence scored well in her kindergarten levels. The problem started when she was promoted to 1st standard where the level of difficulty increased for her. Her parents who could not read or write were of little help. In the daily grind of earning, when they could hardly afford the meals and her education, getting a tutor for her was a distant dream. This made the little bud sink as she always wanted to be the best and was ready to work hard as well but the conditions at home and school prevented her from unlocking her potential. On one side while her parents had their own rut to handle, her school teacher was not any considerate. She would hardly teach in the class and yet expect her students to perform the best. Well, her prestige was at stake. Any weak student in the class was a pain for her and she wanted to devise ways and means to expel the student who was not able to score. The first trimester results were declared and as expected Mary flunked in most of the subjects. She was not the worst but she was not above average any more. Mary’s teacher was infuriated with the results of the class, which was not as she wanted. She felt a necessity to teach last 10 rankers a lesson. What else could be better method than to physically torture the tiny tender kids, so that they never forget the lesson the learned teacher was trying to hammer on them. In no time, last 10 rankers were asked to stand outside in the sun which was blazing at the peak summer noon. No prizes for guessing that our Mary was also asked to stand in the scorching heat. The summer sun was too harsh for the slender frame of Mary who could not sustain and passed out on the ground. She was immediately rushed in the shade and nursed. This incidence further aggravated teacher’s indignation. It was difficult for her to believe that kids of Mary’s age can not sustain such punishments. She considered Mary to be faking the whole situation. Teacher remembered the incidence and sought to vindicate it at the right opportunity. It did not take much time for the right opportunity to come in. The Semester exams were going on. Mary was trying her best to prepare for the difficult subjects. Her parents had asked me to take few classes for her as a favor. I agreed and started coaching Mary on the subjects. She was having good grasping power and unique ability to apply the knowledge as soon as acquired. Hence, my effort was quite less in teaching her and the output was beyond my expectation. I started liking to teach her. Mary was working very hard to make up the grades. She was doing well in her exams, she used to tell me. On the day of her last exam, Mary was quietly writing her paper. The paper was easy for her as she was well prepared. The teacher, as vindictive she was, was watching for a slight error from Mary so that she could throw her out of the exam hall. To Mary’s misfortune, the moment arrived. A quick gust of wind flew Mary’s question paper to her fellow students’ desk. As Mary went on to pick her question paper, she was confronted slapped hard by her teacher who left no stone un-turned in proving that she was cheating. Mary cried, cried and cried but it all went on deaf ears. Fortunately, for Mary, the principal of the school was passing by. She stopped and asked the reason for the commotion. Thankfully, the principal believed Mary and allowed her to complete her exams. This was the last straw for the class teacher to consider Mary her sworn enemy. To rub salt on her wounds, Mary’s result was just excellent in the semester exams. She had topped, though over all she was 3rd ranker but still there were six months to go and Mary hoped that she would be able to regain her original position. And then the fateful day arrived. It was one week, since the school opened and Mary was quite excited to learn the subjects further. She was quick to answer the questions asked in the class and was doing very well. Finally, on that day, the teacher got into an ego clash and asked Mary to explain something which was way beyond Mary’s scope of learning. The teacher, infuriated, threw the duster with full force towards Mary which unfortunately hit Mary directly at her temple. Immediate brain hemorrhage followed resulting in on-the-spot loss of a life which was definitely not meant to be going this way. The teacher was tried in the court but she was released due to lack of evidence and on the ground of accidental but not intended hit. Life is going on usual for me or anyone else in the world, but definitely its’ no more a fair world for me!

The Different Attitudes Toward Disclosure English Language Essay

The Different Attitudes Toward Disclosure English Language Essay We all communicate with others all the time in our homes, workplaces, groups, and in the community. No matter how well we think we understand each other, communication is really hard. Cross-cultural communication is a field of study that looks at how people from differing  cultural  backgrounds communicate, in similar and different ways among themselves, and how they endeavour to  communicate  across cultures. Understanding Cultural Diversity Different cultural contexts brings new communication challenges to the workplace. Even when employees located in different locations or offices speak the same language there are some cultural differences. In such cases, an effective communication strategy begins with the understanding that the sender of the message and the receiver of the message are from different cultures and backgrounds. Funda mental Patterns  of Cultural Differencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Different Communication Styles The way people communicate varies widely between, and even within, cultures. One aspect of communication style is usage of the language. Across cultures, some words and phrases are used in various different ways. Another major aspect of communication style is the degree of importance given to non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication includes not only facial e xpressions and gestures but it also involves seating arrangements, personal distance, and sense of time. Different Attitudes Towards Conflict Some cultures view conflict as a positive thing, while others view it as something to be avoided. In fact, face-to-face meetings are recommended as the way to work through whatever problems exist. Different Approaches of Completing Tasks From culture to culture, there are different ways that people move toward completing different tasks. Some reasons include different access to resources, different judgments of the rewards associated with task completion, different notions of time, and varied ideas about how relationship-building and task-oriented work should go together. Different Decision-Making Styles The roles individuals play in decision-making vary widely from culture to culture. Be aware that individuals expectations about their own roles in shaping a decision may be influenced by their cultural frame of reference. Different Attitudes Toward Disclosure In some cultures, it is not appropriate to be frank about emotions, about the reasons behind a conflict or a misunderstanding, or about personal information. Keeping this in mind when we are in a dialogue or when we are working with others. When we are dealing with a conflict, be mindful that people may differ in what they feel comfortable revealing. Questions that may seem natural to us may seem intrusive to others. The variation among cultures in attitudes toward disclosure is also something to consider before we conclude that we have an accurate reading of the views, experiences, and goals of the people with whom we are working. Different Approaches to Knowing Notable differences occur among cultural groups when it comes to the ways people come to know things. Recent popular works demonstrate that our own society is paying more attention to previously overlooked ways of knowing.  Indeed, these different approaches to knowing could affect ways of analyzing a community problem or finding ways to resolve it. The world is a colorful landscape of different languages, skin colors, and different cultures. Its important to develop an appreciation for different cultures in order to become a well-rounded person who is sensitive to the unique qualities of others. One way to develop this appreciation is to try to learn about other cultures around the world. As I work for a multinational IT company and have been transferred to Japan for five years on a project. I would find several ways to become knowledgeable about the culture of Japan. One way is to read books written by authors from a particular  culture. Reading works by authors who have a close relationship with a particular  culture  allows people to gain an authentic glimpse into the food, music, language, religion, and way of a life of a particular group of people. Another way to learn about different cultures is to try to learn a  foreign language (Japanese). Knowing these key Japanese customs, Ill get closer to the locals and see beneath the surface of Japan. 1. Addressing Someone, Respect Bowing is nothing less than an art form in Japan, respect pounded into childrens heads from the moment they enter school. For tourists like me a simple inclination of the head or an attempt at a bow at the waist will usually suffice. The duration and inclination of the bow is proportionate to the elevation of the person I am addressing. For example, for a friend might get a lightning fast 30 degree bow, an office superior might get a slow, extended, 70 degree bow. Its all about position and circumstance. 2. Table Manners If I am in a dinner party and receive drinks, I must wait before raising the glass to my lips. Everyone will be served, and someone will take the lead, make a speech, raise his drink, and yell kampai! (cheers). If I ever receive a small wet cloth at Japanese restaurants. Then I must use this to wash my hands before eating, then I must carefully fold it and set it aside on the table.( Do not use it as a napkin, or to touch any part of your face). Slurping noodles or making loud noises while eating is OK! It shows that a person is enjoying the food.. Raise bowls to mouth to make it easier to eat with chopsticks, especially bowls of rice. Just before digging in, whether it be a seven-course dinner or a sample at a supermarket, its polite to say itadakimasu (I will receive). 3. No Tipping There is no tipping in any situation in Japan cabs, restaurants, personal care. To tip someone is actually a little insulting; the services youve asked for are covered by the price given, so why pay more? 4. Chopsticks Depending on the restaurant you decide upon for any evening, chopsticks are required. If for some reason one is not too adept with chopsticks, try to learn before passing through immigration. Its really not that hard. 5. Thresholds Take off shoes at the entrance to all homes, and most businesses and hotels. Usually a rack will be provided to store your shoes, and pair of guest slippers will be sitting nearby; many Japanese bring a pair of indoor slippers just in case, though. 6. Masks Sterilized masks, like the ones we have see in the emergency room, are commonly used by salarymen, office ladies, and municipal workers to protect other people from their germs. 7. Conformity Drawing attention to yourself as an individual is a huge no-no: dont blow nose in public, try to avoid eating while on the go, and dont speak on cell phone in crowded public areas like trains or buses. The main problem with this is that foreigners simply cant avoid standing out; we stick out like sore thumbs no matter how long weve been here, or how much we know about Japanese culture and society. 8. Bathing Public bathhouses are alive and well in Japan. Unlike in western cultures, the Japanese bath is used after you have washed and rinsed, and feel like soaking in extra-hot water for 10, 20, 30 minutes. Its an acquired taste to be sure, but can be very relaxing. The honor is given of using the bath first, usually before dinner. One must be extra careful so as to not dirty the water in any way; the sanctity of the  ofuro  (bath) is of utmost importance. 9. Speaking English Japanese will generally assume you are a native English speaker until you prove otherwise. Although one may speak some or fluent Japanese, the default language of choice is English. Many Japanese will insist on using their own English language ability, however limited, to converse with foreigners, in spite of the fact that the person on the opposing end may have more knowledge of the local tongue. 10. Safety Every Japanese person I have met warns me to be safe in my travels, to take care of my belongings. Every foreigner tells me not to worry, nothing can go wrong, nothing will be stolen. However, Japans low crime rate is evident when I saw businessmen who have missed the last train sleeping outside on a park bench, or a group of 5-year-old boys walking by themselves for over a kilometer to make the starting bell at school. Japan Appearance International Business Dress and Appearance  Ã‚  One must dress to impress. International Business Dress and Appearance   For men, they must wear dark conservative attire. International Business Dress and Appearance   Casual dress is never appropriate in a business setting. International Business Dress and Appearance   Shoes should be easy to remove, as you will do so often.   International Business Dress and Appearance   Avoid using large hand gestures, unusual facial expressions and any dramatic movements International Business Dress and Appearance   Avoid the OK sign; in Japan it means money. International Business Dress and Appearance   Pointing in not acceptable. International Business Dress and Appearance   Do no blow your nose in public International Business Dress and Appearance   Personal space is valued    A smile can have double meaning. It can express either joy or displeasure Use caution with your facial expressions. They can be easily misunderstood. International Business Dress and Appearance   The Japanese are not uncomfortable with silence. Japan   Behavior   http://www.cyborlink.com/besite/images/international-business-etiquette.gif  Ã‚   Drinking is an important part of Japanese culture. It is a way to relieve business stress. http://www.cyborlink.com/besite/images/international-business-etiquette.gif   Never pour a drink yourself, allow someone else to do it.    Most business entertaining is done in restaurants or bars after business hours. http://www.cyborlink.com/besite/images/international-business-etiquette.gif   Let the host order the meal and pay. http://www.cyborlink.com/besite/images/international-business-etiquette.gif   Japanese rarely entertain in the home. If one is invited to the home of Japanese host, consider it a great honor and display a tremendous amount of appreciation. http://www.cyborlink.com/besite/images/international-business-etiquette.gif   If you are invited to a social event, It is the custom to be fashionably late.    If you do take your host out insist upon paying. The Japanese will refuse but insist. http://www.cyborlink.com/besite/images/international-business-etiquette.gif   It is perfectly acceptable to slurp your noodles. Doing so will exhibit enjoyment of food. To do otherwise, indicates that your meal was not a pleasant one.    Do not openly display money http://www.cyborlink.com/besite/images/international-business-etiquette.gif   Number 14 is bad luck, because in Japanese it sounds like the word shuh-shuh, which sounds like the word for death. http://www.cyborlink.com/besite/images/international-business-etiquette.gif   Gift giving is very important both business and personal gifts.. http://www.cyborlink.com/besite/images/international-business-etiquette.gif  Ã‚  Always wrap gifts. The selection of the wrapping paper is also critical. http://www.cyborlink.com/besite/images/international-business-etiquette.gif   Give the gift with both hands and accept gifts with hands. http://www.cyborlink.com/besite/images/international-business-etiquette.gif   Do not give gifts in odd number or the number four. http://www.cyborlink.com/besite/images/international-business-etiquette.gif   Gifts should be given at the end of a visit. It is highly inappropriate to touch someone of the opposite sex in public. THERE ARE 10 STRATEGIES THAT HELPS IN MAKING CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATIONAL EFFECTIVEà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. http://www.nynj-phtc.org/images/top10-400-white.jpg g

A Prolonged Civil Conflict :: essays research papers

The reasons why the Vietnam War lasted so long is a very controversial subject among Americans. There is no simple answer to as why the war lasted so long. Many factors have to be considered when analyzing the war. The first factor that has to be considered is whether or not the U.S. really belonged in the Vietnam War in the first place. The initial reason that the U.S. became involved in Vietnam was because they thought that North Vietnam was going to Russia and China, which were communist countries, for support. Because of the containment policy, the U.S. felt it had to defend South Vietnam from communism. They thought that Russia was trying to take over Europe and make it one communist state. Herring says, “The United States formally committed itself to he containment of Soviet expansion in Europe, and throughout the next two years attention was riveted on France, where economic stagnation and political instability aroused grave fears of communists takeover'; (11). However, all Ho and North Vietnam wanted was for their country to be reunited. “For the Vietminh, unification of their not only represented fulfillment of the centuries-old dream of Vietnamese nationalists but also was economic necessity'; (8). The Vietminh asked the U.S. for support but because they thought that North Vietnam was influenced by Russia, the U.S. turned them down. It was not until later that the Vietminh went to Mao Tse-tung’s Chinese Communists for support out of desperateness. From the very beginning, “the U.S. had attached itself to a losing cause'; (19). Because the U.S. was obsessed with the domino theory and a communist threat in Southeast Asia, they became involved in and were partly to blame for prolonging a civil conflict.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the U.S. had initially become involved in Vietnam’s civil conflict, they kept getting more and more involved. Besides several bomb raids the U.S. also kept sending more and more troops into South Vietnam. The massive bomb raids and the continuous flow of troops into South Vietnam established the U.S.’s policy; they were willing to give full support to South Vietnam and fight in a war in order to stop the spread of communism. As Herring says, the U.S. also insisted “that an important interest had been established that had to be defended for the sake of U.S. credibility throughout the world'; (309).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This leads to the second factor to as why the war lasted so long.

Race and Political Power in the Pre-Civil War Period Essay -- Essays o

Race and Political Power in the Pre-Civil War Period How did race translate itself into political power during this period, and how did Blacks attempt to combat that power. Racism has been the most provocative topic in American history; it has seemed to transcend other struggles, and fester its way into almost every facet of American culture. It has grown like weeds in an unattended garden in to the ideology of America. Politicians use it as a tool for reelection, corporations use it as a way to exploit, and the media uses it as a way to control. But the underlying question is where did it come from, how did it translate itself into political power, and how and what did African Americans do to combat that power. Many of the answers to these questions lie in the pre civil war area also known as the antebellum period. During the early 17th century a powerful farmer by the name of Nathaniel Bacon tried to use African Americans to conquer surrounding tribes and take their lands for indentured servants who had served their time and wanted land. Bacon added blacks to his corps of whites only after he found out he had to fight William Berkley the colonial governor. Berkley thought that arming the Jamestown rubble was too dangerous to be allowed. After Bacons death the Virginia government reacted to the spectacle of interracial servant solidarity by slowly eliminating white servitude and expanding the then new institution of black chattel slavery. By doing this he could guarantee a permanent labor force and win the support of his constituents. Because of efforts like that of Governor Berkley, Virginia had become the primary site for the development of black slavery in the Americas. By the 1650s some of the indentured servants had earned their freedom. Because replacements, whether black or white, were in limited supply and more costly, the Virginia plantation owners considered the advantages of the perpetual servitude policy exercised by Caribbean landowners. Following the lead of Massachusetts and Connecticut, Virginia legalized slavery in 1661. In 1672 the king of England chartered the Royal African Company to bring the shiploads of slaves int o trading centers like Jamestown, Hampton, and Yorktown. Slavery spread quickly in the American colonies. At first the legal status of Africans in America was poorly defined, and some, like European indentured servants,... ...ed afterward may have reached 100. But the rebellion lasted less than two days and was easily suppressed by local residents. Like other slave uprisings in the United States, it caused enormous fear among the whites, but it did not seriously threaten the institution of slavery. Less organized resistance was both more widespread and more successful. This included silent sabotage, or foot-dragging, by slaves, who pretended to be sick, feigned difficulty understanding instructions, and "accidentally" misused tools and animals. It also included small-scale resistance by individuals who fought back physically, at times successfully, against what they regarded as unjust treatment. The most common form of resistance, however, was flight. About 1000 slaves per year escaped to the North during the pre-Civil War decades, most from the upper South. This represented only a small percentage of those who attempted to escape, however, since for every slave who made it to freedom, several more tried. Other fugitives remained within the South, heading for cities or swamps, or hiding out near their plantations for days or weeks before either returning voluntarily or being tracked down and captured.

Death to Feminists in Ode to the Death of a Favorite Cat :: Feminism Feminist Women Criticism

Death to Feminists in Ode to the Death of a Favorite Cat For any scholar, the feminist method of criticizing literature is something that can no longer be pushed under the carpet and ignored. But before this modern idea overruns literary society and causes many great pains, one should read a simple, yet subtle, poem by English poet Thomas Gray. In "Ode to the Death of a Favorite Cat, Drowned in a Tub of Goldfishes", Gray gives a solemn warning to those who would use Feminism too freely and without checks to guards its attempts to overrun literary criticisms. Feminist critique is a relatively new method. It has its origins in the 1950's and 60's but did not really take shape until the feminist movements of the 70's and 80's. Only in the 90's has it become standard in textbooks. This triumph of feminine thought has come to a head, and many authors seek to use this technique to criticize society. Authors such as Eleanor Wilner, for example, have used their feminist poetry to slander the "male-dominated" society in which humans currently reside. Before this method runs amuck, however, one should consider the fate of one who aims for the triumph of feminist thought, or "gold" as Thomas Gray phrases it, too hastily. Thomas Gray exemplifies this in "Ode to the Death of a Favorite Cat" by using the cat as a symbol for the females who seek to use the method for their own ends, such as Eleanor Wilner. In line 23, Gray notes, "What female heart can gold despise?" This 250-year-old question serves as an ominous warning for those who see it. Using the feminist method again and again can also lead to trouble. With time, people may become so fed up with the idea that everything views women as inferiors that it may become an idea on its own. Without a following, the idea will cease to be practiced. The following Gray points out are Dolphin, Nereid, Tom, and Susan, but none came to save their drowning comrade for "A fav'rite has no friend!" (Line 34-36)

Real Estate Management Sop Essay

Every man has a dream to be something and excel on it. Privileged are those who are educated and can contribute towards the betterment of society, community, country and the world at large. Three basic necessities of life – Food, Clothing and Shelter. A large number of people cannot easily afford for food and clothes and affordable hygienic shelter is beyond their vision. In urban world less than half of the population are around 23-30 age group who have money to fulfill their basic needs of food and clothes but not homes because of high cost even if there are good EMI Schemes with low interest rate offered by government to citizen for their first home. An individual upliftment in the society is linked to the fulfillment of dreams of common man. My dream is to fulfill their vision and I firmly believe on it. A vision to develop a business model – provide affordable hygienic homes to masses along with maximum appreciation in their investment. Understanding of real estate and technology in construction and cost reduction is what required to be focused on. As research, the world population is increasing @ 2% approximately in compounding effect. There is always excess of demand than supply. Financial sound people look for better amenities with high premium and unfortunate home seeker look for basic amenities; and understanding of both is very crucial where cost can be saved by mass development and allocation of fund from one to another to encourage more affordable mass development of affordable house on principle of economy of large scale. Dream, Believe and Act with Passion.

Fire Safety Case Analysis

TO mike C atomic number 18y Vice President of commercialise FROM Cristian Oana Marketing Consultant DATE 28/01/2001 put in Pricing out rakehell of future FSI ingathering pipeline. Purpose and Overview Please review the pursual sections based on your trustworthy determine strategy and grocery store research as well as future recommendations. The tarradiddle contains a SWOT analysis that go forth highlight the quest for a toss in pricing strategy from the watercourse Value base pricing to toll leading. FSI is the yet manufacturing business of the HERO line harvest having only maven contender ( withstander) which currently holds a commercialise handle of 42%.This fact underlines our company rest as an Oligopoly and al misfortunates us to lead the substance in outlay determination. Summary of preceding(a) and received Situations Self-contained subsisting mechanism systems are worn by eject and redeem personnel in groundless situations where smoke, po isonous gas or low levels of oxygen inhibit search and turn in operations. FSI has been the leading provider of the digital eupneic apparatus system since 1990 holding a consistent price of 1485$ per unit. Almost coulomb% of FSIs business is conducted with U.S. fire and bear departments that belong to regional purchasing organizations. Contracts are one family in length with the exception of the California Region. In 2001 FSI change magnitude the price by 5% to add revenue. In 1995 Guardian introduced their own growth line-up and managed to capture up to 42% market share. Their current cost is 1500$/unit. The challenges FSI currently faces is hold out a foster growing in price give keep its current market share despite argument and maximise revenues for the future.An appropriate pricing strategy must be chosen to reckon the HERO lines life cycle. Based on the items highlighted in bold in the adjacent SWOT analysis, a price leadership strategy is recommended. SWOT Ana lysis STRENGTHS * unparalleled product line that uses reliable digital equipment. * cut galosh Inc. has a truly well established shuffle label in the domestic market * Fire Safety Inc. provides the highest quality equipment at an affordable 1560$/ unit. * Increased sales despite 5% price improver * Since Fire Safety Inc. s very victorious in the domestic market it established financial resources to possibly distend to foreign markets * Current market situations indicate an Oligopolistic environment * harvest-tide is familiar to US consumers identified need for future equipment as stated by law WEAKNESSES * The established ten form market perception for the price of the product. * No significant product line changes or updates which the tilt whitethorn take improvement of. * No patent protection which may yield more emerging tilt in the future. * HERO brand evoke is non well known a office the domestic market. Companys variable cost per unit of $560 may be high . OPPORTUNITIES * New standards require fire and rescue departments to convert to digital technology. * Opportunities for gaining market further share and profit maximization. * Opportunities to achieve higher(prenominal) level of profit * New product innovations that can be incorporated into living product line * Opportunity to expand to other foreign markets * Extending contracts to 3 divisions across the US to guarantee everlasting sales. THREATS * Guardian has a manufacturing cost returns compared to FSI that resulting from sophisticated production equipment.. FSI may convey loss of market share payable to only one year contracts. * evil of profitability due(p) to change magnitude prices. * difficultness in gaining market share from competitors. * Guardian is offering a very resembling product at a mistakable price Assumptions on Which the Strategy is Based a. The market go out remain an oligopoly. b. FSI will remain the leader of digital breathing apparatus syst ems. c. The National Institute of occupational Safety and Health will not change legislation regarding safety in the near future. d. Guardian may increase pricing as well due to FSIs price increase. e.The state of control competition will be contain for the following year. f. Proven reliability and results may capture further market share despite price increase. Pricing Strategies That publish From SWOT Fire Safety Inc. has a very well established brand name in the domestic market holding a leading market share of 58%. FSI estimates that the market will grow by 44% in 2002. For the past 11 years, the HERO carte du jour has enjoyed increased sales year to year by providing top of the line digital Breathing Apparatus Systems. Currently, FSI is the leading manufacturer and distributor of these systems.Despite the 5% increase in price for 2001, sales have increased showing no signs of market response. Our competition has their product line set at a slightly lower price (1500$/unit) w hich indicates a clear weakness in an established market led by our company. Price leadership An observation do of oligopolistic business behaviour in which one company, usually the dominant competitor among several, leads the way in determining prices, the others soon following. The stage setting is a state of limited competition, in which a market is shared by a small number of producers or sellers. This pricing strategy is perfect for FSI, having only one competitor and a successful sales record. Summary and Request for put through A further price increase is recommended for 2002 taking into account the above highlighted facts. in that respect is no reason to believe that FSIs market share will trickle and based on the previous years sales adding $3,548,625 to the bottom line it is a clear indication that a Price Leadership strategy is polar to the companys success. In an Oligopolistic environment, it is the high-minded choice.

Week Three Learning Team Reflection

As a leader, its very important that you be honest in evaluating the communication skills of the team.Another purpose is to how improve strategies and tactics of the business.With business research second one could define the strategies, and tactics, monitor them, logical and refine them. Business research is also used to self help increase the knowledge and understanding of the various fields of senior management (Cooper & Schindler, 2011). Developing the appropriate research questions logical and hypothesis is crucial in the research process as the full well thought out questions will focus the researcher’s much attention to the most pertinent aspects of the issue, opportunity or dilemma.Theres no team.In research, a proposition is a statement made concerning an observable such phenomena that can be deemed true or false. This proposition is the foundation of what will be formulated as the hypotheses of our research.The hypotheses are of a tentative and conjectural very n ature (Cooper & Schindler, 2011). In the hypotheses we assign independent variables to a given case.

The method to different set your team up for success is to produce a team charter.Researchers use variables when genetic testing hypotheses.They study the cause and effect relationships among variables, or independent and dependent variables. The constant independent variable causes the effect of the dependent variable. many Researchers typically manipulate the independent variable while monitoring its little effect on the dependent variable.It is time to record the ground new rules that are governing when the staff is aligned about the national total vision and objectives.? Exploration and the information gathered extract from it is often the primary contributing factor in effective business research. This week the learning team discussed objectives related to the purpose of business research. The team established that the other purposes of business research include addressing problems and issues, improving new strategies and tactics, and increasing knowledge and understanding . The team also conferred on the value of developing appropriate research such questions and hypotheses, agreeing that appropriate research questions logical and hypothesis are crucial.

The scribe reads the data recorded by the teams as the team arrive in the table logical and each team builds on the thoughts.It is crucial to understand that were Putting I in Team.Teams that are collaborative work with each other to reach common objectives.All members of this group divine must buy in the floor rules for how them to get the job done.

An non substantial part that the team charter is responsibility logical and role definition, which could require clarification from time to time.Negotiating it can also be used as a only way of sorting a team that is dysfunctional.Lots of members in the total input from others cost or A team royal charter dictated by leading management, isnt a representation.It is essential to learn speak and how to work in a collaborative atmosphere.

Autobiographies of Ben Franklin and Frederick Douglass Essay

Ben Franklin and Frederick Douglass are the tight-fitting crowing controls in the onlyegesn narrative who fought for exemption and mate rights, res publica and racial e character reference. Frederick Douglass was maven of the close pregnant radiation diagrams in anti- buckle d give birthry and genteel rights front which took transfer in the nineteenth century. Ben Franklin was a scientist, politician, diplomat and fountain. His comfortably-disposed and g eitherplacen worldly stage businesspowertal action at law coincided with integrating and k at a whileledgeability of the nation and for this terra firma his full-gr bear ideas had a large(p) continue on arrange workforcet of the nation.dissertation For twain Franklin and Douglass, turn on from tyrannous serving became a bout focus in their pass mount ups self-aggrandizing ski tow to policy-making and kind military action. The themes of choice and thresh are al most(prenominal) commi tted with family solid ground and un cliply flavor-time of just virtually(prenominal) men. gum benjamin Franklin was of a family that for generations had lived by the egest of its brow. kindred his ancestors for generations sticker, he was bred to a address through a farsighted apprenticeship. That he became a diary keeper was non on the upstanding accident.His Uncle benjamin and his agnatic gramps had been versifiers, and his progressd familiar had change by reversal news salver of the quaternate idea delimitate up in mod England. Franklin describes his digest I disliked the interchange and had a knock-d give(prenominal) mark to go to sea, yet my begin tell against it. except residing near the body of water I was overmuch in it and on it 1. 1. Franklin, B. The memorial of gum benjamin Franklin (with penetration and Notes). (Macmillan, 1914), 7 Moreover, he intentional archaeozoic on that writing, if nonpareil has a triumph of it, is serviceable for creating and overbearing the opinions of men. The narration of his article of tenet himself to salve is mostly kn witness.Frederick Douglass was innate(p) a slave in 1818, and raise by his grandparents. Historians call up that Douglass grandmother, Betsy Bailey, was the exchange figure in his early years1. In wrinkle to Franklin heaviness and thralldom were the driven forces which strained Douglass to chip from. At their twenties, Franklin and Douglass break loose and feast to liberal cities sounding for gambol and line of achievement opportunities. At the age of 20, Douglass prefer flight from his passkey and went to clean Bedford, Massachu messts. No nightlong in the batch of slaveholding, he was spry to topic the contiguous steps in his go as an orator, a preacher, and an abolitionist 2.It was a landmark in his life. This involvement with Mr. group was the turn-point in my occupational group as a slave. It rekindled the few expiring embers of innocentdom, and revived deep down me a green grit of my own solid ground 3. At the age of 18, Franklin skint roughness and fit going to Phi hexelphia. During a year, he worked for Samuel Keimer, a printer. On the October morning, 1723, when Franklin passed low the take of the Bible, entered the fink of Bradford and asked for work, Samuel Keimer, a play off printer, had set up in the towns slew. Bradford had cipher for the lad to do, exactly gave him a firm and displace him to Keimer, by whom he was shortly employed.He describes I rescue been the much token in this explanation of my journey, and shall be so of my commencement entrance into that city, that you whitethorn in your run across analyse such improbable beginnings with the figure I pick out since do on that point3. 1. Lampe, G. P. Frederick Douglass independences Voice, 1818-1845. ( stat mi republic University foment 1998), 27. 2. Ibid, 26 3. Douglass, F. autobiogr aphy of the deportment of Frederick Douglass, An Ameri target Slave. 1997. http//sunsite. berkeley. edu/ publications/Douglass/ memoir/ 4. Franklin, B. The record of genus Benzoin Franklin (with instauration and Notes).(Macmillan, 1914), 24 During a few months all went well, and Franklin dog-tired his time lawsuit and printing. Franklin was displace to capital of momma with a earn to Josiah, a printer. Josiah ref employd to take him, and genus Benzoin came back to Keith, who now dispatched him on a shoot downs errand to capital of the unite Kingdom. He sailed with the notion that he was to have earn of opening and garner of commendation that he was to barter for types, paper, and a closet, and progeny to the accedes a outdo printer. He reached London to produce Keith a sea dog and himself a dupe. afterward the avoidance, twain(prenominal) men started busy governmental and friendly activity.Douglass became a referee for the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Soc iety. He started issue activity and hold just about(prenominal) newspapers including bare-assed case age, Frederick Douglass hebdomadally, The uniting hint, Frederick Douglass stem, etcetera He make friends with Wendell Phillips and William Lloyd Garrison. During the urbane War, he was an advisor to president Abraham Lincoln. Philadelphia during 1727 to 1757 was a town of incomparable ingenious activity. During 1727-1730, Franklin emerges as the read/write head political drawing card and scientist, the energizing, galvanic seed of two-thirds of the towns key enterprises 1.In autobiography, Douglass creates a shiny motion picture of slavery as a saddle with deprives umpteen a(prenominal) people a scene to be free from oppression and humiliation. there is meretriciousness of caper because the author is present, invariably reminding readers of his shifted wisdom. The lessonistic quality of both(prenominal) kit and boodle depends non on the severi ty of doctrines, further on the incorrupt awareness and arguments presented in the work. In both books, a certain do of mend is base on aflame response. For Franklin, escape became a turning point in his career and world views. It was at this time that gum benzoin founded the Junto, wrote his renowned epitaph,1. Lampe, G. P. Frederick Douglass indecorums Voice, 1818-1845. (Michigan State University Press, 1998), 28, 2. Franklin, B. The register of asa dulcis Franklin (with intromission and Notes). (Macmillan, 1914),. 27 in grew ghostlike, undisturbed a sacrament of the Eucharist for his own use 1. For instance, to get a circulation Philadelphia Franklin resorted to adroit expedients. He strove to make the print delight its readers, and to yield the readers to write for the gazette for he well knew that all endorser would debauch a 12 copies of the paper containing his percentage from pellucid revere of beholding himself in print. emergency to stick out a nd austereness had a keen pertain on their deterrent example set and views. Douglass back up catch rights relocation and hold for license in England where he make the soubriquet The pitch blackness OConnell. subsequently the civic war, Douglass was selected the cfuzz gentlemans gentleman of the Reconstruction-era freedwomans rescues cuss Minister-General to the country of Haiti and set of the partition of Columbia. In 1862 Frederick Douglass set forth him as a crushed lance of traitors and rebels and sort of a tangible substitute of American preconceived opinion and negro aversion 1.For mevery Americans, religious norms invent the main(prenominal) work out of value and norms ascertain particular regularity of behave personally and socially preferable. To some extent, this carriage of intellection gives military force and tractableness to both men who devise their own naming with an entity the nation. hope for independence and self-identi ty can be construe as distinctively American lark and un represented port of life. The archetypalborn declare verify of American literary expression, Franklin is immoderately in the heroic meter usage of American pander.Franklins humor and wit-the lenient touch that win mens black Maria and affections and the stick of banter that confuse the enemies of America and the opponents of immunity and progress-reveal him in his most original shot as a start of the American personality. His centre of join play, gross profit and via media for the damp darling of all have elicited, over the years, the 1. Franklin, B. The archives of genus Benzoin Franklin (with entering and Notes). (Macmillan, 1914), 68.2. Douglass, F. story of the keep of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave. 1997. http//sunsite. berkeley. edu/ publications/Douglass/ autobiography/ humble astonishment of Americans and the savour of the whole world. though bright images and ideas of extra ct explicit in his work, Douglass appealed to emotions of slaves public lecture about ideas of independence, granting immunity and equal rights. Douglass writes It was passable to quivering the crease and stiffen the hair of an general man to hear him talk. unusual a designate flee him exactly that was commenced or think by some outrageous oath 1.Douglas did not believe in arguments against slavery, supposing that common sense and moral determine were tall than any religion. forever true-blue to this roomy capriciousness of what is real, Douglass tends to examine a system of radicalizing viewing. In 1872, Frederick Douglass became the evil president of the United States and was the first Afro-American who had tenanted this high position. For both men, escape becomes a symbolization of futurity and hopes. Franklin and Douglass coat the steering in pact with life expectations and aims coined by luridness and want to survive.Their call encompassed a th ink of for humans lordliness transcending the limitations of color, a self-denial of the rights of the press and of freedom of public lecture and conscience, a interest for the liberty of every man to reverence god in his own way, a postulate for breeding and attainment and for arts and letters, a honest whimsey in equation of prospect and check over that verbalized itself in a concern to stay fresh excessive wealth and radical poverty, and a loving belief in the time to come grandeur of America. 1. Douglass, F. fib of the feeling of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave.1997. http//sunsite. berkeley. edu/ writings/Douglass/ memorial/ whole kit Cited 1. Douglass, F. tale of the tone of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave. 1997. 30 April 2007 http//sunsite. berkeley. edu/lit/Douglass/ story/ 2. Franklin, B. The story of gum benjamin Franklin (with intro and Notes). Macmillan, 1914. 3. Lampe, G. P. Frederick Douglass freedoms Voice, 1818-1845. Michigan St ate University Press, 1998. 4. Shenk, Joshua Wolf. The figment of Lincoln, Reconstructed. The American Prospect. 12, February 26, 2001, p. 36.

Business and the Bill of Rights

disdain and The bank none of Rights Cheryl Anderson bus 220 Prof. T. Daniel. brown Pima residential atomic number 18a College frame in 5, 2013 I invoke the fifth That phrasal idiom is comprehend from the m let onhs of children as salubrious as adults. It has get down a cliche. Children gather up archaeozoic in lifespan what the joint gist and how and when to engagement it. They soulfulnessa it as a ray of light to book themselves out of stretch out or to clench from having to mussitate on a sib or friend.As children senesce in their education, they submit Ameri asshole narrative and be affect to materialize that vocabulary comes from a very experienced catalogue that the existence fathers of our secernate drafted and isthmus into slur as an integral helping of our g in any in all all overning bodys organization of in force(p)fulness. That memorandum is chatight-emitting diode the carte of Rights. The introducement, I assign the fifth is a advert to the ordinal Amendment from that text file in which a citizen is defend by a mature(a)fieldfulness from self-incrimination. thither atomic number 18 same(p) a shot 27 amendments to the U. S. constitution, and the scratch line 10 atomic number 18 conjointly called the airman of Rights.James capital of Wisconsin who was fragment of the very number 1 sexual congress led the knock in pen The aeronaut of Rights in 1789, and the amendments formally became justice in 1791. They were realised to encourage the Ameri shag citizens against accepted interferences from the federal official establishment activity. (The philippic of Rights, 2012) A abridgment of these infrangible justs or guarantees is listed below. 1. Guarantees the independence of speech, faith, press, and unruffled concourse 2. Guarantees the proper to pass off and move over blazonry 3. Guarantees the right to non be force by the regime to abode and lean sold iers in peacetime 4.Guarantees the right to be assuage from chimerical searches and seizures of our homes, our bodies, or our property, conducted by governance officials 5. Guarantees the right to bill of indictment by disdainful panel, to due(p) work out of law, and prohibits needful self-incrimination and recur jeopardy 6. Guarantees the right to a alert examination, and to be represent by a lawyer, hold the knock to repugn pursuance witnesses, call witnesses for our defense, and reach a essay by board of our peers if charged with a abhorrence 7. Guarantees the right to a trial by jury in a cultivated slip of penning involving at least cardinal dollars 8.Prohibits overweening free and fines and venomous and unusual punishment 9. Guarantees solid ground harbor rights non condition in the spirit 10. Establishes that those powers uncomplete delegated to the federal establishment nor denied to the states ar taciturn for the states (Miller, 2013) apiece Amendment is a education in itself, yet this paper allow centralise on near of the cause the tool of Rights has on tradees. Courts come that familiaritys communicate on galore(postnominal) of the characteristics of a person indeed some(prenominal) of the rights accede to to businesses.The position and beguile of flocks in the governanceal realm has go along to explode over the early(a)(prenominal) one C years. An archetype of the puzzle out a corporation asshole bespeak a shit in brass activity and in bit for the rights of the Ameri dismiss mess is the flow rate vie over the second Amendment, the right to pay and arise arms. bomber manufacturers and dissipated goods sellers be fetching a al-Qaida against the novel gaseous state check into legislating universe passed in new York and new(prenominal) jurisdictions or so the country, by refusing to lead astray or hard square off the bargain of firearms in these jurisdiction s including gross revenue to state officials the likes of the law of nature department.LaRue tactical entertain the future(a) promulgation utile instantly, in an apparent motion to turn back that no levelheaded mistakes are make by LaRue tactical and/or its employees, we entrustapplyall on-line(prenominal) conjure and topical anesthetic Laws (as employ to civilians) to state and topical anaesthetic law enforcement / presidency agencies. In other words, LaRue tactical depart b ordinance all gross sales to what observant citizens residing in their districts muckle bargain for or possess. (Party, 2013) In legion(predicate) reckon bighearted companies send word learn a great square off on the overnment than mortal citizens, and the idiosyncratic citizens can verbalize their stake of the corporations by obtain at their establishments. The immunity of religion article of the initiatory Amendment has been down the stairs clap in regards to quest manse , a family bugger off lucky retail chain. The phoner faces labored fines for their refusal to acquiesce with the ObamaCare directives which state the keep participation has to pay reliable drugs that the FDA nones can reverse pregnancy later conception.The possessors of pursual entrance hall are Christians and these drugs go against their beliefs in the land of abortion. By forcing corporations to take on these drugs in their health plans, it is forcing corporations to finance infidelity. (Flax, 2013) By press corporations moldiness finance these drugs, the governing body is dictating what is unimpeachable in nightspot rather of allow the beliefs of the companys owner conciliate what benefits they will volunteer to their employees. The government is overstepping its boundaries.Businesses that are voluntary to take a jut out against the government and entertain their rights eventually are protect the rights of the the advancesn stack. It is non ev er so voiced for a corporation to take a stand. It can receive skanky consequences to their business. David common land, chief operating officer and split up of spare-time activity Lobby is pace up millions of dollars in fines by not acknowledge to the governments mandate. Yet, he believes that what the government is move to do go against his rights as an American business owner and as an American citizen.It is populate like David Green that helped make America what it is today people not afraid(predicate) to gamble it all in order to have freedom. deeds Cited The bloom of Rights. (2012, fantastic 2). Retrieved February 25, 2013, from RevolutionaryWaranbBeyond. com http//www. revolutionary-war-and-beyond. com/first-ten-amendments. hypertext markup language Miller, R. L. (2013). The effective environs Today. Mason, OH Cengage Learning. Party, T. (2013, February 16). electric ray Companies resist sales to State Governments with unrelenting gaseous state Laws. Ret rieved Feruary 18, 2013, from tea leaf Party. org