The Fault In Our Stars Summary Essay Example for Free

The pick In Our Stars Summary EssayThe Fault in our Stars by John Green is an outstanding novel and one of Greens vanquish works. It tells a modern story about a girl named Hazel trying to live the like a normal teenager. However this is non the easiest thing in the world for her because wherever she goes, she must go for an oxygen tank with her as a result of her having genus Cancer. However at a teen crabby person support group, she meets Augustus Waters, a very different yet similar person to her. This novel tells a sweet, ugly love story about pain, miracle, adoration, and inspiration about how to overcome obstacles in lifeAugustus Waters is mortal who probably would not be a probable match for Hazel. He lives life with uncertainty because his crabby person is not 100% cured. Hazel lives upon diagnosis. She accepts that she will die soon and doesnt want to hurt Augustus because she knows he had been hurt that way before. Hazel spends her time inside her home all da y reading the alike(p) book over and over again, and oddly enough decides to share it with Augustus. He seems to have his own hidden reason for loving the book as much as she does.Augustus uses his wish from the Wish foundation for cancer patients to take Hazel and her mother to Amsterdam to meet the author who wrote the book they both admire. They unfortunately catch out that the author they had come to meet is a repugnant jerk and they leave soon after arriving. legion(predicate) of the situations that both teens encounter are very realistic and relatable. There are m each repugnant jerks in the world and most of the time, the only mature thing to do is walk away. There are also people like Hazels mother, who knows Hazels situation and knows the trip will sit her at risk but understands that Hazel needs to do something exciting in her life and waiver on vacation with a boy whom she loves will make her happy.When they return to Indiana, Hazel soon discovers that Augustus is not well. With everything that has happened in her life, she is the one is left angry at the world. She doesnt seem to understand how someone as astounding as Augustus had to have a terrible fate that she had once accepted was upon herself. The most terrible things endlessly happen to the people who deserve it the least. There really must be a fault in our stars.Although I do not have cancer and I do not have any life-threatening diseases, this book was important to me. The Fault in our Stars shows that no matter what the circumstances are, you can always prove yourself wrong and keep at things even though they get tough. John Green has captured the stem of true love and overcoming obstacles in the best way possible.

Obligation Definition Essay Example for Free

Obligation Definition EssayThe question presented in this discussion is definitely one that has no easy answer. I will start by saying, a obligation is defined by what a person is bound to from either tradition or law. If I took a relative approach I would say that morals and ethical obligation are subjective. I personally believe that to a extent humans do have a obligation to animals. To go out of your way to depict cruelty to any creature illustrates a flaw in your avow character. However, humans dont have to have a diet that includes meat but most do. Even in these cases the way that the livestock is going to be treated does not have to be treated cruelly, or put in discomfort.I remember watching a show in which the farmer said, that his overawe tasted so good because they lived a happy life. In many ways he treated the awe akin to a pet, by feeding them properly, making sure their living quarters are clean, and presentation them affection. His belief was that by doing this his cows meat was more tender, then if he hadnt done these practices. Do I believe this maybe, maybe not. However, this does illustrate that the livestock that we consume does not have to be treated in a cruel manner. Yet, in theory in our society animals do not perform any function but companionship and food, which means humans really dont have a obligation to them. However, I feel it is boorish to depict cruelty to any creature or anyone.

A Dolls House - Henrik Ibsen Essay Example for Free

A Dolls House Henrik Ibsen essayHenrik Ibsens in one of his most revolutionary plays, A Dolls House, filled his set and narrative with symbols that emphasised the inclination that above everything, one must be an individual. Doors, macaroons and the tarantella are all symbols that are utilise by Ibsen to convey to the audience that the life of Nora and Torvald isnt what it seems to the naked eye. The doors in the dolls house set, are emphasised, to symbolise the separate worlds Nora and Torvald stretch forth in the illusive macaroons symbolise the control Torvald has over his wife and the wild tarantella leaping is symbolic of Noras desire to escape from her restricted and heavily defined existence. Doors in A Dolls House are not plainly a wooden blocks that can be used as a thoroughfare mingled with rooms they are used to distinguish between the deuce different spheres, Noras sphere and Torvalds sphere. All through and throughout the play, Nora never enters her husband s world. Guests for Torvald were instructed to not come in here (Noras living room), and they went on into Torvalds study. As Krogstad slammed the door on the way out of his house, Noras world was smashed into a million shards of tiny fragile pieces. The character of Nora is displace into a spiral of depression, anxiety and out-right craziness that turned a seemingly normal dance into a 19th century movement of oppressed sensations.The macaroons that Nora possesses in the beginning of the play are more than equitable a common snack. Nora has the macaroons in the early stages of the play, with Torvald around. They give the audience the knowledge of Noras child- uniform behaviour and emotions. All through A Dolls House, Torvald treats Nora like an inexperienced child, and the macaroons are one of many indications of this. She offers it to guests as they enter her world, but not to her husband, in which she hides them from him. The child-like behaviour is also witnessed in the scene where Nora is playing with her children, calling them little dolls and playing with them like they are her friends and shes not their mother. This child-like behaviour was encouraged by Torvald, by simple nicknames, such as divert and mockingbird, to make Nora be more immature towards Torvald and keeping her youthfulness that he liked so much.The disreputable dance, the tarantella, was an expression of the oppressed society that woman had to go through in the 19th century. The tarantella was used to convey emotions that woman couldnt express in normal, everyday life. They used new(a) energy to express that raw emotion. In A Dolls House, Nora uses, just as other woman have, to express and release the oppressed emotion that was given by Torvald towards her. In the scene where Nora is dancing for Torvald as practice of the dance and Dr. Rank comes in, Torvald keeps apprisal Nora to stop it and do it as I said. Nora is completely oblivious to Torvald and keeps on dancing in her pro test style. Dr. Rank comes in and takes over Torvalds role as piano player to fuel the flame that Nora was burning. The dance becomes more and more wild as the scene progresses, until the music stops and Nora is just still. The oppressive jiffy of woman in the 19th century created this dance.A Dolls House uses this symbols of child-like behaviour, different worlds and an oppressed dance to argue the audience that the world of the 19th century wasnt a blissful place where men and woman were constitute in everything they had rights to, like they do now. Torvald showed that he was a man of conformity and tried his best to bend his family into the social norms of the time. Torvald never let Nora have her way and treated her like a child, making her double back into one and even making her be his child. She was scared to wrong by her husband, even hiding a simple sweet from him so he wouldnt find out that she was eating it.By the end of A Dolls House , Nora grows up. After the probl ems arisen by Krogstad, she learns that her husband isnt her saviour anymore and she doesnt love him. The party ended when Torvald cute to leave. Nora got home and changed out of her formal attire, and into outdoor wear, making Torvald wonder, Why are you dressed like that? The winning off of her formal clothes gives the impression that Nora is now taking off her old life, her oppressed life, and starting signal afresh. After an emotional discussion with Torvald, she ends up leaving him and the children. Walking out of her house, through the door, again is represent the end of something. This time its Noras life with Torvald. As the door closes, this time its Torvald who breaks d induce, mirroring Noras emotions when Krogstad leaves theletter in the letter box. symbolization is a major part in any play, even more so in A Dolls House. The emotion scenes with Nora, Torvald, Dr. Rank and even Krogstad wouldnt be the same without objects such as the doors or macaroons, or the two di fferent spheres dividing Noras world and Torvalds. The dance itself plays a vital role of showing emotion without the notice of Noras own husband. Without such devices, A Dolls House wouldnt be the same revolutionary play that we see today it would just be mere words on a page.BibliographyA Dolls House Henrik Ibsen

Equivalence in Translation Essay Example for Free

Equivalence in edition Essay maestroly, however, the term edition is confined to the scripted, and the term interpretation to the spoken (Newmark, 1991 35). If confined to a scripted speech, comment is a cover term with ternary distinguishable meanings 1) translating, the set up to work (to translate the activity or else than the tangible object), 2) a rendering the product of the process of translating (e. g. the translated school text editionbook), and 3) translation the abstract concept which encompasses both the process of translating and the product of that process Bell (1991 13).The term translation used and discussed throughout this paper is confined to the written language, and refers to both the product and process of translating. The definitions of translation suggested above imply that producing the selfsame(prenominal) meaning or centre in the tail end language text as intended by the original author is the chief(prenominal) objective of a trans lator. This notion of monotony is often understood as an comparing relation mingled with the source and target texts.This com space-reflection symmetrybility relation is generally conside trigger-happy the most salient feature of a tincture translation. 2. Problems of Equivalence The principle that a translation should beat an equivalence relation with the source language text is problematic. There are three main reasons why an exact equivalence or impression is gruelling to achieve. Firstly, it is im likely for a text to have constant interpretations unconstipated for the same person on both occasions (Hervey, Higgins and Haywood (1995 14).According to these translation scholars before angiotensin-converting enzyme could objectively assess textual effects, one would requisite to have recourse to a fairly detailed and exact speculation of psychological effect, a theory capable, among other things, of giving an account of the aesthetic sensations that are of ten paramount in response to a text (Hervey, Higgins and Haywood (1995 14). Secondly, translation is a matter of subjective interpretation of translators of the source language text. Thus, producing an objective effect on the target text readers, which is the same as that on the source text readers is an unrealistic expectation.Thirdly, it whitethorn not be possible for translators to determine how audiences responded to the source text when it was first produced (ibid, p. 14). Miao (2000) gives a specific typeface of the impossibility of the equivalence relation If an original was written centuries ago and the language of the original is difficult to cross for modern readers, then a simplified translation may well have greater blow on its readers that the original had on the readers in the source culture.No translator would hinder the readers comprehension by employ absolute ruminations in order to achieve equivalent effect (Miao, 2000 202) Because the target text cigarette never be equivalent to the source text at all levels, researchers have distinguished contrasting types of equivalence (Lauscher, 2000 151). Nida (1964) suggests operateal and dynamical or functional equivalence. Formal equivalence focuses attention on the put across itself, in both form and content. It requires that the gist in the target language should match as close as possible the different elements in the source language (p.159).Dynamic equivalence is based on the principle of equivalent effect, where the relationship between the receptor and nub should be substantially the same as that which existed between the original receptors and the message (p. 159). Newmark (1981) makes a distinction between communicative and se humanstic translation. Like Nidas dynamic equivalence, communicative translation also tries to create the effect on the target text reader which is the same as that received by readers of the source language text.Koller (1997) propose s denotative, connotative, pragmatic, textual, formal and aesthetic equivalence. Munday (2001) describes these five different types of equivalence as follows 1. Denotative equivalence is related to equivalence of the extralinguistic content of a text. 2. Connotative equivalence is related to the lexical choices, especially between near-synonyms. 3. Text-normative equivalence is related to text types, with texts behaving in different ways. 4. pragmatic sanction equivalence, or communicative equivalence, is oriented towards the receiver of the text or message. 5.Formal equivalence is related to the form and aesthetics of the text, includes countersignature of honor plays and the individual stylistic features of the source text (p. 47). Baker (1992) classifies various problems of equivalence in translation and suggests some strategies to deal with them. Adopting a bottom-up approach, she begins with simple terminology and phrases and continues with grammatical, textual a nd pragmatic equivalences. 3. Strategies to lap up problems of equivalence As has been mentioned above, problems of equivalence occur at various levels, ranging from word to textual level.The equivalence problems bug out due to semantic, socio-cultural, and grammatical differences between the source language and the target language. These three areas of equivalence problems are intertwined with one another. The meaning(s) that a word refers to are culturally bound, and in most cases the meaning(s) of a word can lonesome(prenominal) be understood through its context of use. Due to semantic, socio-cultural, grammatical differences between the source language and the target language, loss and attachment of information in translation cannot be avoided.Basnett-McGuire (1991) states that once the principle is accepted that sameness cannot exist between the two languages, it is possible to approach the apparent motion of loss and gain in the translation process (p. 30). Bell (1991 6) suggests a similar point that something is always lost or, one might suggest, gained in the process, and according to Nida (1975), all types of translation involve 1) loss of information, 2) addition of information, and /or 3) skewing of information (p. 27). To conform to the stylistic demands and grammatical approach patterns of the target language, structural valuation reserve in translation is inevitably needed.These possibilities are expanded below. 3. 1 auxiliary of information Information which is not present in the source language text may be added to the target language text. According to Newmark (1988 91), information added to the translation is normally cultural (accounting for the differences between SL and TL culture), technical (relating to the topic), or linguistic (explaining wayward use of words). The additional information may be put in the text (i. e. by putting it in brackets) or out of the text (i.e. by using a footnote or annotation) .such(prenominal) additional information is regarded as an extra explanation of culture-specific concepts (Baker, 1992) and is imposed specification for comprehension purposes. Native speakers of Batak Tapanuli language (the native language of Batak residential area in North Sumatra), for example, have the word marhusip which literally means to whisper. If the word marhusip is used in the context of discussing marriage within the community in question, its meaning is more than to whisper. It refers specifically to a situation where family members of the bride meet family members of the organize to talk nigh the dowry. In the meeting, family members of the bride whisper with one another while deciding the amount of dowry they ask from the groom. Family members of the groom also do they same thing while deciding whether to accept or reject it. In this context, the word marhusip may be translated into to whisper, but additional information to clarify the meaning of marhusip i s needed to swear out target readers understand its underlying concept. Addition of information for specification purposes is also postulate if ambiguity occurs in the receptor language formation and if the fact that greater specificity may be required so as to avoid misleading reference (Nida, 1964 227). It would be misleading, for example, if the word men in Tannen is an apologist for men is translated into para pria in Indonesian. The reason is that it does not actually refer to men in general but to American men in particular, who became the focus of Tannens study on male-female interactions.It can be argued that translators should add the word Amerika to the Indonesian version to avoid ambiguity or to avoid a misleading interpretation of the outcomes of the study by Indonesian readers (Nababan, 2003). Amplification from implicit to explicit status is another factor that requires additions. In relation to this, Nida (1964) states that Copernican semantic elements ca rried implicitly in the source language may require explicit identification in the receptor language (p. 227).In a given context, the meaning of the metre, This rule is to round to the nearest even number, is implicitly tell and can easily be understood by readers of the original text (See Nababan, 1989 and 1999) If translated into Indonesian, an addition of information of suatu angka yang berada pada dua batas kategori (a number lying between two categories) and alteration of word class (the active verb membulatkan into the nonoperational verb dibulatkan) are required to achieve grammaticality and produce an explicit meaning for Indonesian readers. It is by convention the Indonesian transitive verb membulatkan, as the equivalence of to round, needs an object. In such case, that sentence should be rendered into Target sentence Menurut aturan pembulatan ini, suatu angka yang berada pada batas dua kategori dibulatkan ke angka genap terdekat. Back-translation According to the rule, a number lying between two categories is rounded to the nearest even number. Addition of information may also be required due to the shift of voice and the alteration of word classes to avoid misinterpretation (Nida, 1964 227). The word cut in I cut my finger is an active voice. If translated into Indonesian, the word class should be changed into a passive one, tersayat (was cut) and the addition of oleh pisau (with knife) is needed if a native speaker of Indonesian means that he or she did it by accident. There are also cases where two languages use a different class of words and a different level of utterances to denote the same meaning.The adjective adjustable in I have an adjustable chair is changed or translated into an adjective clause yang dapat disetel (which can be adjusted) in which the addition of yang (which) is obligatory to achieve grammaticality. 3. 2 Deletion of information Baker (1992 40) refers to extirpation as omission of a lexical item du e to grammatical or semantic patterns of the receptor language (Baker, 1992 40). She states further that this dodging may sound rather drastic, but in fact it does no combat injury to omit translating a word or expression in some contexts.If the meaning conveyed by a particular item or expression is not vital enough to the development of the text to relinquish distracting the reader with lengthy explanations, translators can and often do simply omit translating the word or expression in question (Baker, 1992 40). There are cases where omission is required to avoid redundancy and awkwardness (Nida, 1964 228) and this strategy is particularly applied if the source language tends be a redundant language.The category of plural form in English is both morphologically conditioned (e.g. child/children, mouse/mice), and phonologically conditioned (e. g. book/books, box/boxes, frame/pens). In some circumstances, a plural noun is also preceded by a determiner showing face pac k (some books, three pens). If the double expression of such category is reflected in Indonesian, redundancy will occur. It is by convention that the category of plural in Indonesian is lexically formed by repetition of the noun buku-buku (book-book) or by adding a noun quantifier such as beberapa (some) or tiga (three).Once a given noun is in the plural form, the quantifier has to be deleted. On the other hand, once there exists a quantifier denoting plurality, the noun in question should be in the singular form or the repetition of the noun should be avoided. As implicitly stated by Baker (1992 40) above, deletion may also refer to pieces of content rather than restructuring for grammatical purposes. Such a deletion of expressions or information is debatable in relation to the translation of faculty member texts, however.Anyone who writes an academic text, for example, will not include unimportant information in his or her writing. Similarly, anyone who reads such a tex t should consider that all information in the text is important. Translators are not an exception they should read the text as the original reader or a non-translator reader reads it. That is to say that this notion of information deletion should not be used as an excuse to hide the inability of translators to understand and transfer message of the original text. 3.3. Structural adjustment Structural adjustment is another important strategy for achieving equivalence. Structural adjustment which is also called shift (see Catford, 1965) or transposition (see Vinay and Darbellnet, 1977) or alteration (see Newmark, 1988) refers to a change in the grammar from SL to TL (Newmark, 1988 85). Similarly, Bell (1991 6) states that to shift from one language to another is, by definition, to alter the forms. The alteration of form may mean changes of categories, word classes, and word orders.Structural adjustment, according to Nida (1964 226), has various purposes, including 1) to perm it adjustment of the form of the message to the requirements of structure of the receptor language, 2) to produce semantically equivalent structures, 3) to provide equivalent stylistic appropriateness, and 4) to carry an equivalent communication load. Newmark (1988 85-87) divides the shift of forms into four types. One type of shift is the change from singular to plural or in the position of adjective.The position of an adjective in English, for example, may occur before a noun (i.e. a difficult text) or before and after a noun (i. e. a difficult text accessible in the library). An adjective in Indonesian always comes before a noun. Therefore, a difficult text and a difficult text available in the library should be translated into sebuah teks sulit (a difficult text) and sebuah teks sulit yang tersedia di perpustakaan itu (a difficult text which is available in the library or a difficult text available in the library) respectively. A indorse type of shift is required when a SL grammatical structure does not exist in the TL.In English, for example, cohesive devices such as however and nevertheless may be put at the get or in the middle of a sentence. In Indonesian, such cohesive devices always occur at the beginning of a sentence. The third type of shift is the one where literal translation is grammatically possible but may not accord with natural usage in the TL. The English sentence The man to whom she is talking on the phone lives in Jakarta can be translated literally into Laki-laki kepada siapa dia sedang berbicara di telepon tinggal di Jakarta. This literal translation is accurate in content but doesnt sound Indonesian .To conform to natural usage in Indonesian, the structure of the sentence should be adjusted into Laki-laki yang sedang berbicara dengannya di telpon tinggal di Jakarta (The man who is talking to her on the phone lives in Jakarta). The fourth type of transposition is the replacement of a virtual lexical gap by a grammatical structure (see Newmark, 1988 87). In addition to the types of alteration described above, alterations of word classes (i. e. shifts from one class of words to another or from word level to phrase or clause level) are also required due to grammatical differences between the source and target languages.The preposition with in I am married with three young girls is changed into a conjunction dan (and), and the verb mempunyai needs to be added in Indonesian. The prepositional phrase in red in The woman in red is my wife is altered into an adjective clause yang berbaju merah (who wears the red clothes). References Baker, M. 1992. In Other Words A kindbook on variation. London Sage Publication. Bell, R. T. 1991. Translation and TranslatingTheory and Practice. London Longman. Bassnett-McGuire, S. 1991. Translation Studies. New York Methuen Co.Ltd. Catford, J. C. 1965. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London Longman. Hervey, S. , Higgins, I. , and Haywood, L. M. 1995. Thinking Spanish Translation A Course in Translation Method Spanish into English. London New York Routledge. Koller, W. 1995. The concept of equivalence and the object of translation studies. Target, 7 (2), 191-222. Miao, J. 2000. The limitations of equivalent effect. Perspectives Studies in Translatology, Vol. 8. No. 3, 197-205. Munday, J. 2001. Introducing Translation Studies. London New York Routledge. Nababan, M. R. 2003.Translation Processes, Practices and Products of Professional Indonesian Translators. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis. Schools of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. _________. 1999. Teori Menerjemah Bahasa Inggris. Yogyakarta Pustaka Pelajar. _________. 1989. Analisis terjemahan buku Research Methods and Analysis meddling for Relationship karya Michael H. Walizer dan Paul, W. Wienir ke dalam bahasa Indonesia oleh Sadiman dan Hutagaol. Unpublished Thesis. Surakarta Universitas Sebelas Maret. Newmark, P. 1 991. About Translation.Great Britain Longdunn Press, Ltd. __________. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. New York Prentice-Hall International. __________. 1981. Approaches to Translation. Oxford Pergamon Press Nida, E. 1975. Language social system and Translation. Standford, California Standford University Press. ______. 1964. Towards a Science of Translating. Leiden Brill. Vinay, J. P. and Darbelnet, J. 1965. Stylistique Comparee du Francois et de Langalis. Paris Didier. http//www. proz. com/translation-articles/articles/2071/1/EQUIVALENCE-IN-TRANSLATION%3ASOME-PROBLEM-SOLVING-STRATEGIES

Women in Vietnam Essay Example for Free

Women in Vietnam EssayIn Vietnam, women were encouraged to go within the government and another(prenominal) sectors within the state. Unlike in other countries where women are stereotyped as being weak, in Vietnam, it was different. (Insun, p47-p56) Women were treated as equals. They were given the same positions as those ones of women and were given the same respect. Women were oddly encouraged to take up the jobs which were believed to be a mans re manage. They went out of their way to serve their country as humanitarians, entertainers, military dependents, USAID, civilian nurses, in military, as correspondents and in special services. (Insun, p78-p80) There were a good number of women in Vietnam who served as professionals in the field of medicine, teaching, law, professional nurses, controllers of air traffic, language and password specialists, photographers, physical therapists, aerial reconnaissance, legal officers, security officers and administrative positions. Civili an women in Vietnam also served in the ruby Cross, journalists, humanitarian organizations and as flight attendants. They were also leaders in the churches. (Chen, p78) Despite the fact that these women were active then, they unplowed a low profile.Today, nobody can tell who these women are. This is because they dont show off and subscribe camouflaged. Women made very noble contributions towards the wars in Vietnam. They fought alongside men and did everything men did and they in fact did it a better. (Insun, p34-p67) It has been said that if the country of Vietnam must heal, women must come forward to reveal their involvements and experiences in the war. Unfortunately, they have non been recognized and acknowledged as significant in the history of Vietnam. The situation has been worsened by their stamp down and the pain and struggles kept deep within them.Women do not believe that they deserve the same comprehension and respect like that given to men. (Woodside, p678) Women in special services were mostly under the army. These armies as vigorous up as civilians were under the employees defense department. The departments that were served by women were related to recreation and morale and included the bases of the Army in the states. (Song, p456) nearly of the divisions were also related to works of arts and crafts, service clubs, libraries, movies, sports and entertainment.These women administered special programs, for example, Rest as well as the program relating to recreation. The reason why women were entrusted with these positions was their warm hearted nature. They were icon of hope to the whole of Vietnam they had a grapheme of encouraging men and giving them morale during wars. They ensured that the homes did not fall apart despite their involvements in other services. Women were good volunteers in these services and they had the welfare of the country and the people in mind.It was not a substance to serve their country since they could see t he big picture. (Taylor, p267) As librarians, women gave magazines, books and newspapers to the soldiers. The books served as sources of the correspondent courses they were taking and also for leisure. Most of their wonderful memories were hopping flights, clubs, time shared with friends as well as the loved ones. However, there were still slightly enmities created during the early days. Women fought wars along the beautiful coastline and peaceful villages and rice fields.These areas were My Lai, Chu Lai, the Que Son Valley, A Shau, Da Nang, Phu Bai and hue. Women witnessed the demise of thousands quintuple bases as well as landing zones. (Woodside, p567) At the military, women served with pride. They knew that their efforts were for a worthy cause. They knew that their conquest was a victory for all. During the womens anniversary, they gathered their past and present achievements. There were at least one thousand and devil hundred soldiers selected from the women population and served as band leaders and translators, clerks and typists. (Insun, p78)

Billy Queen Essay Example for Free

billy club puff EssayUnder and Alone by Billy Queen is an fire and illustrative book that tries to provide an in-depth analysis of an surreptitious life. The underlying theme of this book is to illustrate the difficulties of the personnel office of law enforcement agencies and how they put their life in dangers for the betterment of the society. The ultimate purpose of this book to realize good deal of the sacrifices that law-enforcement make to keep them secure.Bill queen narrates the moral, social and ethical dilemmas and other relate pathos of an undercover agent. He further points out how an undercover agent had to pitch his identity to achieve his goals and this identity change sometime changes the psychological patterns and habitual compriseations of the agent and he starts thinking to resemble himself with outlaw personalities and phenomenon. Billy Queen is one such agent who after military service in Veitnam joins the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Fire fortify .He serves in various undercover positions in his career that spans over sixteen years hardly his entry into the reciprocal ohm Californian chapter of the famous American gang Mongols (he calls them as a tight-knit collective of crazies, unpredictable and unremorseful badasses) is the most prominent and dangerous part of his life. Mongols is a larger group with twenty chapters all crosswise America with a headcount of 350 indulged in various activities such as murders, drug and arms trafficking, take motorcycles etc. in several states.The book does not look into the activities of the Mongol gang only but also provides an insight into the motives of such activities. Billy Queen discloses the fact that the motives for the formation of the gang was not steal and plundering but it was formed by the veterans of WWII who after the end of war was hankering after a life of adventures that could inflate a war lifestyle. Another big aspect of the book is that it presents the psychologica l involvement in the personality of undercover agents as they have to indulge in activities that they abhor and fight against in their real life.Billy Queen suffers from the same ambivalent personality as he has to perform sin act to win the confidence of the gang. Manifestation of this wickedness and fulfilling the demands of the gang blurs his own identity and changes his thinking and he starts considering himself as Billy St. John. Hew describes that he participated in gang activities life purchasing and selling narcotics, doing arms trafficking etc. but avoided such activities like rape, murder and dope taking at all costs.These activities form the main plot of the score but the most intense and interesting episodes of the story are related to Billys effort to thwart the pernicious activities. Billys style is intense as his humanity was at stake. The crux of the matter is that he never sacrificed duty at the altar of all hurdles, even his humanity. The duration of Billys act ivities as a undercover agent (almost 28 months) is an important factor that make us realizes the height of Billys contribution as he was all told cut off from all the social ties i. e. family, friends, colleagues etc.But he provides another facet of the story that the grave criminal activities, they (members of Mongol) riding habit to share a genuine camaraderie and during his prolonged undercover, he use to enjoy the love and carte of gangsters. He says in this regard that I had no doubt these guys authentically loved Billy St. John and would have laid down their lives for him. But they wouldnt hesitate to murder Billy Queen. But he succeeds in escaping from this tough life and with an accomplished mission as finally he triumphs in collecting evidence that dispatched eighteen Mongols to federal prison.

Reality and Truth Essay Example for Free

equityfulness and Truth EssayReality and impartiality be two so hackneyed in a commonplace objet dartner with over-lapping nouss that they each lose their own individuality. Reality is a subjective value that reflects what characterizes our world, whether it is our individual world or the world as a whole, and its conditions. Oliver Sacks The Minds core What the Blind See and Tim OBriens How to Tell a True state of war Story bring the relationship of right and veracity into question. OBrien openly uses the thin line between truth and reality to convey the message that truth and reality sustain a close relationship. Using examples of interpretation, cognition, and communication of a somebodys environment, the authors give the reader the idea that truth cannot live without reality and vise versa. The authors tie truth and reality as inter attendent. Interpretation of a certain environment unlocks the truth of the society. One society can create ace truth and one reali ty, whereas another society creates a different reality and truth. OBrien offers many interpretations of war.War is hell, but thats not the one-half of it, because war is also mystery and terror and adventure and courage and discovery and holiness and pity and desperation and longing and love. War is nasty war is fun. War is thrilling war is drudgery. War makes you a man war makes you dead. The truths are contradictory. War is grotesque. But in truth war is also beauty. (394) OBrien beliefs give an rove of meanings of war. He also emphasizes in the end, with the example of interpretations of war, that truth is contradicting. Truth is contradicting because there is more than than one truth.Truths are based a persons reality, however reality is also based on truth one cannot bring home the bacon without the other. In relation with OBrien and Nafisi, Sacks also offers a truth and reality relationship. In truth, both of Sacks correspondents were partially disen able or handicapped . In order for them to feel analogous they are not disabled, they create imaginations, their own reality, in order to fulfill themselves as regular mess in society. An individual deprived of one nisus of perception could totally reshape himself to find a new center, a new identity (Sacks 476). thus far though Sacks says Hull, a man who lost vision in his middle age, describes himself as someone who reshapes himself, all the other patients also reshape themselves in order to live as normal people. They interpret the truth of blindness, and use it to make another reality. In the end, reality becomes truth to the people because becoming a opthalmic person who is blind becomes true in their own world. In all texts, the authors interpret and experience truth and reality simultaneously one concept cannot be experienced without the dependence of the other.Through forms of communication, such as wording, truth and reality are signaln as mutually dependent. In How to Tell a True War t ale, Tim OBrien recollects his experience of telling the war story and at the end of his storytelling, a woman and always a woman would approach him and tell him she liked the war story. In response, he says Ill picture snoop Kileys face, his grief, and Ill think, You dumb cooze. Because she wasnt listening. It wasnt a war story. It was a love story (396). Stereotypically, women are seen to be more sensitive than men however, she did not empathize with him at all.He also uses the word cooze, like Rat, to show his animosity for her misunderstanding of his story. Through OBrien, he conveys that her lack of understanding meant that language was limited. She did not understand his reality, whole the events of the story because he said it was true and it occurred. For OBrien, his reality is that the feelings and the understanding portrayed in the war story is the truth, and not the actual events. For this example, OBrien indicates that truth is dependent on reality. Conversely with OBr ien, Nafisi and Sacks believe that communication can be limitless.For Sacks, he uses many examples of people who lost one of the five human senses who can communicate with people by amplifying the other senses. For the blind, Sacks emphasizes that they use language as a mediation to communicate. Blind children, it has often been noted, run for to be precocious verbally, and may develop such fluency in the verbal description of faces and places as to leave others (and perhaps themselves) uncertain as to whether they are actually blind (483). Sacks expresses that with the art of language, a person who is blind can be equally presented as one who is sighted.He includes (and perhaps themselves) to show that language is so powerful that it gives an alternate reality that blind people are just as visual as sighted people. However, truth is not realized through this reality as it was through interpretation. In Sacks example, reality is dependent on truth instead, because the alternate re ality of blind people are like sighted people is false. The reality Sacks conveys is that blind people only use language as a mediator. Cognition, which includes thought and memory, is described by the three authors as an example where the relationship of truth and reality exist in.Sacks discusses the thought and memories of three people. I have now read three memoirs, strikingly different in their depictions of the visual experience of blinded people Hull with his acquiescent descent into imageless deep blindness, Torey with his compulsive visual percept and meticulous construction of an internal visual world, and Tenberken with her impulsive, almost novelistic, visual freedom, and specific gift of synesthesia. (481) Here, in Sacks example, reality is dependent of truth because these three people must have been blind before they experience visualization derived from the minds eye.However, the experience each person has is different. They have a reality which becomes true to them, making truth depend on reality. The thoughts of Sacks correspondents has given them truth through reality. Like Sacks, OBrien offers truth-reality association. Rat, who is OBriens friend, refers to the slant as dead gook fish (387) and the water buffalo as a VC (Tim OBrien 393). OBrien clearly shows the gook and the VC to show Rats thought of the animals he sees them as the enemy. The truth is that these animals cannot really be the enemy, because it would just be an absurdity.For rat, he calls the water buffalo a VC hardly because he wants to exert his anger upon the baby water buffalo, which is derived from the death of his friend. By sidesplitting the VC, Rat was able to alleviate his feelings by creating the reality of killing the enemy baby buffalo. He created a reality of killing an enemy, which is developed from the truth of his friends death. With the truth of his death, a reality was created to make himself feel better. Truth in turns is also taken from reality because h e really sees the animals as an enemy, which is a reality that becomes true for him.