Developments of Stem Cell Technology

Developments of Stem cell TechnologyThe research of embryotic pedestal electric cell is classified under the study of biotechnology, which is adept of the closely recognized atomic number 18as of research by the public, as well as one that start the potentials of benefited from the completion of the research7. The embryotic arc cells are the absolute insensible form of t forbidden ensemble cells that is within a human, they are frequently cognize for twain of their main marks. One is the ability to self- revitalize though a vast completion of time era remain non-specialised, and the other main characteristic is the stalk cells ability to differentiate and give rise to each specialised cell3. Beca economic consumption of these characteristics, it brings hope to retrieve diseases that were non possible before, by replacing the modify cell with a new one that is cosmos derive from a rootage cell. Neurodegenerative diseases are a prime example where scientists bel ieve that infrastructure cells are the key to treating the disease. However, the research of embryonic al-Qaida cells has always being surrounded with disputation, repay able-bodied to the pro-life movement around the world. This report go out be mainly focused on the use of beginning cell on treating neurodegenerative diseases, and a general overview of the progress in the research of ancestor cells. (202 Words)ReviewThe majority of the research done on embryonic stem cells is directed mostly toward checkup treatment such as bone up narrow transplant, regrowing a new nerve cell to heal Neurodegenerative diseases and more. The researches of stem cell started in the mid eighteen hundreds, when scientists discovered that some cells permit the ability to gene outrank into others. But the application of stem cell but start to boom from 1960s, when the human understanding on natural biological systems had increased to the point that it allowed scientists and doctors to do bon e union transfers between two humans which resulted in curing a patient with severe exhaust immunodeficiency in 1968.This is the reason that stem cell research attracted attention from the public, due to the possibilities of curing several different types of diseases or healing damages that were beyond humans natural healing ability. Stem cells are the fundamental cells of all the different types of cells that are in a human body. It has the ability to renew itself, under the correct environment and performs obligatory asymmetric replication (see plot 1 at appendix 1). This, combined with their ability to transform into any specific cell type that shadow be found in a human body, makes it possible to create new cells to replace those that were modify by disease or treatment dishes. However, the current understanding of the demeanour of stem cells is not enough for scientists and doctors to use them to completely mend a certain disease. Nevertheless, we before long hand en ough understanding through research, to orient that stem cells do have the ability to lessen the symptoms such ailments as Alzheimers disease.The research into stem cells has potential of curing most of the long-term diseases cognise to doctors however the cost of this research is the main reason of quarrel. The reason of the controversy around stem cells is focused mainly because embryonic stem cells raise only be gathered when an nut is being fertilized.The process of gathering a sample of stem cells started by triggering a human egg that has been left in cryo for more than the legal limit, to grow into an embryo interchangeable the normal maturement of a child. Afterward, the egg started to grow for five to 7 days where the blastocyst started to form along with the interior(a) cell mass. The unscathed blastocyst is then moved to a specially prepared culturing eggshell that is covered in a feeder layer, that is designed to support the growth of the stem cell, and chem ics are added to break the blastocyst to allow the inner cell mass to be exposed. From this point on it is merely waiting for the inner cell mass to grow and divide into stem cells that the researcher suffer use to test in a controlled environment by victimization different growth itemors that will hopefully allow the scientist to map out the reaction of different types of proteins and the chemical environment that would decide the growth manner of these stem cells (see diagram at appendix 2).By this point, most biotechnologists contract assistance from race in another field, such as chemical engineer, protein specialist and doctors to help culturing or to understand how this stem cell works. These specialist from other field of science, help scientists to understand the growth factor that is gnarly in the differentiation of the cells. A prime example would be the use of growth factors.Unfortunately this is also where the controversy starts a lot of people around the world th at support pro-life organisations believe that the research of stem cells is immoral since every embryo that is being used to extract the stem cells have the possibility of becoming a full child, thus the process of extracting the stem cells would destroy the possibility of life. They believe that the same research brook be conducted through boastful stem cells, or known as bodied stem cells, that can be isolated from bone narrow, or any other cells that have the ability to self repair, without the need of creating a full embryo. While it may be possible to do so, the minginesss of bodied stem cells are extremely hard to isolate and researchers are currently unable to grow them in cultures for further study. However, most scientists believe that while each embryo has the possibility of developing into a child, the long conclusion of cryo that is used to store the egg, is damaging it, to a point that the death rate of the infant will be higher, along with the fact that these ce lls were originally schedule to be destroyed, thus it does not make more difference. Therefore, until either the somatic stem cells can be cultured and proven to be as potent as embryonic stem cells, or the latest bring forth pluripotent stem cells that are created by reprogramming the adult stem cell clog up into the pluripotent stem cell stage of culture. Scientists are stuck on using embryonic stem cells for the majority of the study. (792)Application Case studyThe advancement in the field of biotechnologys research into stem cells has already started to show results. In the past, diseases such as Alzheimers, which are diseases that cause the degradation of neurons on nerve cells, which were not treatable by doctors before. The most that doctors were able to do was to relieve the pain caused by the disease, they were not able to locate the source of the disease, or how they affected patients.However, since the development of stem cell technology, scientists have regain hope o f finding cure or treatment process that can permanent treat these diseases. apply the same system that was originally designed to house the stem cells, they were able to isolate the infected neuron samples that were affected by the diseases, and therefore, were able to unionise a treatment or cure for the diseases as they now have a sample with which they can work.Alzheimers disease is one of the most viridity neuron degradation diseases seen in the world. In America alone, there are at least 5.3 million people that have this disease. Alzheimers disease attacks the poise and neurons that are in the brain over a long period of time, which slowly causes memory want, problem solving skills, thinking, to the point that the brain can no yearner function properly, leading to death. Alzheimers disease currently has no cure, as the rate that the human body regenerates the brain cells are much slower than the rate of infection. Therefore, theoretically it will be possible to cure Alzhe imers if all infected nerve cells could be removed, and replaced with new nerve cells that were derived from the adult stem cell of the patient. This same application can also be used on other diseases such as Parkinsons disease or sport injury that normally requires years of recovery.Based on a published ledger in 2009, scientists were able to use bone marrow derived the mesenchymal stem cell to relieve symptoms of Alzheimers on a mice model that have been purposely induced. According to the research journal, when a patient (or mice in their case) that is presented with the disease, the concentration of amyloid-b (Ab) peptides in the form of amyloid plaques in the brain parenchyma increases, which causes neural loss to the patient. Therefore, in a direct treatment the research team injected bone-marrow-derived-mesenchymal stem cells into the brain of the induced mice, the result showed that there is a diminution of amyloid-b by the reactivation of microglia that were re-stimulated by the injection of the stem cells. Thus the research team arrived at the conclusion that BMMSCs can promote reduction of the amyloid-b through the microglial activation in the induced Alzheimers brain, suggesting a potential therapeutic agent against Alzheimers disease. (453) however, in the journal the research team fail to considered the other cause of Alzheimer the neruofibrillary tanglesConclusionIn conclusion, it is clear that the development of stem cells is one field of biotechnology that is uphill quickly as the understanding of natural biological systems increase, along with the fact that the diversity of biotechnology is potentially limitless in the field of medical research. For example, during the process of creating a suitable environment for the embryonic stem cells to grow, researchers have accidentally created a solution that can keep donated organs for longer periods of time, allowing a higher chance of success to the transplant surgery later on a long period of travel. In the future, once more is mute about stem cells, the whole technology may be go enough to reconstruct an entire limb. There remains much controversy around this field, due to the researchers ethical practices, notably, obtaining new stem cells.ReferencingKil Lee, Jong, Hee Kyung Jin, and Jae-sung Bae. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells reduce brain. Neuroscience Letter 450.2 (2009) 136-41. Web. 31 may 2010. .S. Shihabuddin, Lamya, and Isabelle Aubert. Stem cell transplant for neurometabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Neuropharmacology 58. (2010) 845-54. Web. 12 May 2010. .Stem Cell Basics. In Stem Cell Information World Wide Web site. Bethesda, MD National Institutes of wellness, U.S. surgical incision of Health and Human Services, 2009 cited Wednesday, May 12, 2010Available at Unknown, Unknown. What is the history of stem cell research? History of Stem Cell Research. AllAboutPopularIssues.org, 2010. Web. 12 May 2010. .Unknown, Unknown. What is Alzheimer? Alzheimers Association. Alzheimers Association, 06 April 2010. Web. 28 May 2010. .Unknown, Unknown. Stem cell. Stem Cell. 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